Federal Equity Practice: A Treatise on the Pleadings Used and Practice Followed in Courts of the United States in the Exercise of Their Equity Jurisdiction, Volume 1

Sampul Depan
Edward Thompson, 1909 - 2104 halaman
 

Isi

CHAPTER LX
lxxviii
Order to Take Testimony on Commission 1034
lxxx
PAGE 2631 Implied Authority to Employ Counsel 1518
lxxxv
Office of Master 844
lxxxvi
General Principles PAGE
lxxxvii
INTERLOCUTORY PROCEEDINGS continued
lxxxviii
Plea or Answer to Bill of Revivor 737
lxxxix
Certificate to Deposition
xc
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE FEDERAL COURTS Legal and Equitable Jurisdiction PAGE 1 Law and Equity in Federal Courts 222
1
State Law Conferring Exclusive Jurisdiction on Other Court
2
Circuit Court the Principal Court of Equity
3
Statutory Recognition of Legal and Equitable Remedies 7 State Laws as Rules of Decision in Proceedings at Law Procedure at Law and in Equity 8 F...
4
Practice at Law Made to Conform to State Practice
5
Completeness of Separation between Law and Equity
6
Right to Jury Trial as Affecting Modes of Procedure
7
Equitable Matters Not Available at Law
8
Plea Setting up Equitable Defense in Action at Law
9
When Legal Matters Cognizable in Equitable Proceeding
10
Equity Administers Complete Relief
11
Jurisdiction of Federal Court of Equity 21 Nature of Federal Court of Equity 12 233
12
Equity Jurisdiction Uniform in All States
13
CHAPTER II
22
Contempt of Injunction 2452 Violation of Injunction as Contempt of Court 1426
25
When Remedy at Law Adequate
28
Other Illustrations
35
Duty of Receiver to Account 1562
41
Equitable Jurisdiction to Restrain Enforcement of Tax Laws
44
b Parties to Reference
49
Defense Must Be Available in Praesenti
50
Publication of Testimony
51
CHAPTER III
56
How Causes Must Be Litigated in Equity
65
Extent of this Power
71
Presumption as to Origin of Unwritten Rule
77
BILL IN EQUITY
82
Supplemental Bill upon Partial Transfer of Interest 711
88
Taking Testimony De Bene Esse
92
When Bill Should Not Be Entitled
95
Modes of Taking Proof De Bene Esse 1076
98
Names of All Parties Must Be Set Out
99
Statement of Abode of Parties
100
Stating or Narrative Part of Bill a Sufficiency of Allegations in General 174 Statement of Equity of Bill
101
Opinions and Conclusions of Law
102
Material Facts Must Be Alleged
103
Cause Must Be Put in Issue
104
Allegation of Facts Best Known to Defendant
106
Set Formulas Unnecessary in Equity Pleading
107
How Defect Resulting from Uncertainty May Be Reached
108
Specific Facts Indicative of Fraud Must Be Shown
109
Charges of Fraud Prejudicial to Plaintiff if Unsupported
110
Allegations of Recent Discovery of Fraud
111
Certainty in Allegations of Negligence and Misconduct
112
Allegations of Bill Seeking Unusual or Extraordinary Relief
113
Allegation of Consideration in Suit Based on Contract
114
Allegations of Interest of Parties 201 Allegation of Plaintiffs Title or Interest
115
Nature of Plaintiffs Interest
116
Allegation of Claim or Interest of Defendant
117
Liability of Defendant Must Appear
118
Miscellaneous Averments PAGE 210 Allegations Explanatory of Apparent Laches
119
Allegations Explanatory of Apparent Estoppel
120
Allegations in Avoidance of Statute of Limitations
121
CHAPTER V
122
Nature and Purpose of Confederating Clause
123
When Special Charges of Combination and Conspiracy Proper
124
The Charging Part of the Bill a Charges of Evidence as Basis of Discovery 220 Function of Charging Part
125
Scope and Purpose of Charges of Evidence
126
Charges of Confessions and Admissions
127
Charges of Documents
128
b Charges of Matter in Avoidance of Anticipated Defense 226 Series of Pleadings in Equity
129
Parties Restricted to Single Pleading
130
Mode of Charging Anticipated Defense
131
The Interrogatories 233 Interrogating Part of Bill
132
Interrogatories Not Permissible in Answer
133
Form of General Interrogatory
134
Interrogatories Must Be Based on Charges of Evidence
135
Requisite PrecisionAdditional Interrogatories
136
When Special Prayer Sufficient
137
Relief Must Conform to Case Made in Bill
138
Principle Further Illustrated
140
Relief Grantable in Suit for Specific Performance
141
Rule Where Fraud or Chicanery Proved
142
Prayer for Alternative Relief
143
Right to Such Relief Broader than Right to General Relief
144
Principle Governing Right to Alternative Relief
145
Criterion of Right to Maintain Bill in Double Aspect
146
Both Facts and Prayers Must Be Consistent
147
Alternative Prayers Founded on Successive Equities
148
Secondary Relief Granted Where Principal Relief Denied
149
Multifariousness as Affecting Right to Secondary or Alternative Relief
150
General Conclusion
151
If Fraud Proved Plaintiff May Have Alternative Relief
152
Prayer for Process 271 Prayer for Process of Subpoena
153
Naming of Defendants
154
Statement of Defendants Minority
155
Plaintiff Now Permitted to Waive Oath
156
CHAPTER VI
157
Pleading of Documents and Their Contents
158
When Documents to Be Set Out in Full
159
Exhibit Considered Part of Bill
160
Exhibit Best Evidence of Contents of Document
161
Bill Interpreted So as to Harmonize Allegations
162
Interpretation to Save Jurisdiction of Court
163
Scandal and Impertinence in Bills 291 Impertinent Allegations
164
Attitude of Courts as Regards Impertinent Allegations
165
Exceptions for Impertinence and Scandal 294 Time for Taking Exceptions for Impertinence
166
Disposing of ExceptionsReference to Master
167
Signature of Counsel
168
Objection for Absence of Signature
169
Verification of Bill
170
Substance of Matters Verified
171
CHAPTER VII
173
Averment of Federal Jurisdiction
174
Want of Equity Not Jurisdictional
175
Jurisdictional Allegation Must Be Positive and Distinct
177
Effect of Failure to Show Jurisdictional Fact
178
Jurisdictional Averment of Existence of Federal Question 316 Allegation of Federal Question
179
Particular Facts Must Be StatedGeneral Averment Insufficient
180
Facts to Be Clearly Shown
181
Plaintiff Cannot Rely on Possible Defense as Ground of Jurisdiction
182
Federal Question in Removal Causes
183
How Jurisdictional Fact Shown in Removal Causes
184
Jurisdictional Averment of Citizenship 324 Statement of Citizenship of Parties
186
Citizenship Must Appear in Bill Answer or Record
187
Early Statutes Governing Mode of Proof 994
188
Citizenship of Person Suing in Representative Capacity
189
Citizenship Should Be Stated in Introduction to Bill
190
Allegation of Residence
191
Technical Accuracy Not RequiredNecessary Legal Inference
192
Judicial Notice that State Member of Union
193
Determination of CitizenshipBurden of Proof
194
Early Doctrine
195
Present PracticeCorporation Treatedas Citizen
196
Insufficient Allegations of Corporate Citizenship
197
Corporation Domesticated in Foreign State
198
Citizenship of Parties Forming Limited Partnership
199
Averment Must Refer to Time of Suit Brought
200
Plaintiffs Citizenship in Suits Brought by Assignee
201
CHAPTER VIII
202
Averment of Alienage
203
Foreign Corporation
204
Averment in Suit Based on Money Demand
205
Allegation Inserted in Stating Part of Bill
206
Conclusiveness of Plaintiffs Averment as to Ambunt
207
Present State of Law on This Point
208
88886
209
Determination of Issue as to Value in Controversy
210
Proof of Value Where No Money DemandUse of Affidavits
211
Aggregation of Claims 367 Aggregation of Separate Claims Held By One Plaintiff
212
When Claims of Different Plaintiffs May Be Aggregated
213
Aggregation of Claims in Creditors Suit
216
Federal Practice Unaffected by State Law
217
Jurisdiction Admitted by Answer to Merits
218
Purpose and Occasion of Act of March 3 1875
219
Application of StatuteCollusive Parties
221
Order of Dismissal
224
Suit by Transferee of Legal Title and Beneficial Interest
225
Tendency of Late Cases
227
Statute Inapplicable Where Judgment Already Entered
228
Jurisdiction and Venue Distinguished
230
Defect of Venue Waived by General Appearance
231
General Demurrer Waives Venue
232
Acts That Do Not Constitute Waiver of Venue
233
Motion to Vacate Service
234
Distinction between Case of Plural Parties and Single Parties
235
CHAPTER IX
237
Equity Procedure as Adapted to Settlement of Complicated Causes
238
Equity Insists on Determining Whole Controversy
239
Subject Not Reducible to Definite Rules
240
Each Case Must Be Determined on Own Facts
241
Objection of Multifariousness Not Favored by Courts
244
When Bill Not MultifariousGeneral Doctrine Illustrated 405 Common Point of Litigation
245
Existence of Numerous Conflicting Claims over One Matter
246
Determination of Whole Controversy
247
Cause of Action on Ancillary Contract
248
Party Sued in Double Capacity
249
Plaintiffs Deriving Title from Common Source
250
Latitude Allowable in Suits Based on Fraud
251
Latitude Allowable in Creditors Suits
253
Creditors Bill Multifarious if Inconsistent Relief Prayed
255
Bill to Enjoin Nuisance and Test Water Rights
256
Suits for Infringement of Patents
258
Patents Pertaining to Single Subject
259
Trademark and Copyright Causes Combined
260
Consideration of Convenience as Affecting This Question
261
Prevention of Multiplicity of Actions at Law
263
Suit to Enjoin Actions at Law
266
Suit by Receiver on Different Causes of Action
267
When Bill becomes MultifariousGeneral Doctrine Illustrated 432 The Multifarious SuitIllustrations
268
Suit for Specific Relief
271
Joint Interest of Defendants
272
Stockholder Suing in Own Right and Right of Corporation
273
When Such Causes May Be Joined
274
Germane Amendment Not Multifarious
275
Practice on Question of Multifariousness 441 How Objection of Multifariousness Raised
276
Defect Waived by Answer to Merits
277
Who May Raise Objection
278
Second Suit on Exscinded Cause of Action
279
CHAPTER X
280
Who May Sue in Equity
281
Alien Enemy Unable to Sue During War
282
Subject of Hostile Country Living in This Country
283
Infant Suing by Next Friend
284
Infant Plaintiff Transposed to Be Defendant
285
1362
287
Invasion of Privacy Discouraged 1112
290
Extension of Time to File Exceptions 893
291
How Far Setoff Available against Goverment
297
Dismissal in Invitum
299
Second Examination Not Favored 1067
301
Whether Infant to Be Made Plaintiff or Defendant
303
CHAPTER XI
306
Parties in Causes in Federal Courts
307
Liberality of Equity Practice as Regards Making of Parties
308
Each Case Determined on Own FactsJudicial Discretion
309
Classification of Parties in Federal Equity Courts
310
Jurisdiction as Affected by Presence or Absence of Parties
312
Necessary Parties
313
Illustrations of Necessary Parties
314
When Cestui Que Trust Necessary
315
Who is Real Party in Interest
316
Admission of New Parties at Hearing
317
How Interest of Absent Party Affected by Decree
318
Illustrations of Indispensable Parties
319
Bill Dismissed Where Indispensable Party Wanting
323
Parties Dispensable as to Particular Relief
325
Improper Unnecessary and Dispensable Parties 524 What Parties Are Dispensable
326
When Holder of Legal Title Dispensable
328
Parties in Suit on Undertaking for Benefit of Third Person
329
Improper JoinderDismissalPresence of Party Ignored
330
Omission of Dispensable Parties Whose Names Unknown
331
Judicial Discretion under Rule and Statute
332
Absent Parties Not Bound by Decree
333
Who Are Formal Parties
334
Reservation in Equity Rule 48
344
True Construction of Rule
345
Parties Plaintiff and Defendant 553 Alignment of Plaintiffs and Defendants
346
General Rule
347
How Question of Misjoinder Raised
348
Rearrangement of Parties to Defeat Jurisdiction
351
Arrangement of Parties in Stockholders Suit
352
CHAPTER XIII
355
Employment of Solicitor
356
Function of Counsel
357
Attorneys and Counsellors before Supreme Court
358
Solicitors Authority to Institute Suit
359
Motion to Dismiss Unauthorized SuitPresumption of Authority
360
Security for Costs 574 General Rule
361
Local Rules Requiring Security
362
Suit Brought by Poor Person 578 Security Not Required of Poor Person
363
Statute Inapplicable in Appellate Proceedings
364
Suit Begun When Bill Filed
365
Original Process a Subpoena 583 Writ of Subpoena
366
Seal and Teste of the Subpoena 307
367
Issuance of Subpoena
368
Address of SubpoenaNames of Defendants 368 h 590 Number of Names in One Subpoena
369
Alias Writ of Subpoena
370
Mode of Service
371
Service beyond Jurisdiction of Court
372
Waiver of Defective Service
373
Dereliction of Corporate Officer
374
Return of Process
375
Return of Service By Leaving Copy
376
Conclusiveness of Recital of Facts in Return
377
Recital of Service on Officer or Agent
378
Form of Order Vacating Service
379
New Process on Supplemental Proceedings after Decree
380
CHAPTER XIV
381
Enrolment in Federal Courts 1181
382
Substituted Process Not Permissible in Original Proceeding
383
Practice in Obtaining Order for Substituted Process
384
Application for OrderAffidavit
385
Service of Copy of Order
386
Termination of Authority of Attorney
387
Cross Bill between Codefendants
388
Form of Bill as Affecting Right to Substituted Process
389
Service of Court OrderPublication
390
General Construction and Application of Statute
391
Service of Notice of Motion 777
392
Statute Does Not Dispense with Jurisdictional Requirement
393
Steps to Bring in Resident Defendant
394
Proof Accompanying Application
395
Requisites of Publication
396
CHAPTER XV
397
Appearance Formal and Informal
398
Appearance of Person under Disability
399
Withdrawal of Appearance
400
General and Special Appearances 646 General Appearance
401
Steps Not Importing General Appearance
402
Special Appearance
403
Formal Special Appearance
404
Local Rule Determining Mode of Special Appearance
405
Leave of Court Unnecessary in Federal Courts
406
Substitution of Special for General Appearance
407
Defects Waived by General Appearance
408
Appearance Limited to Pending Suit
410
Preliminary Motion on Special Appearance
411
Contempt of Defendant in Refusing to Appear
412
Execution and Return of Writ
413
Sequestration Proceedings
414
Sequestrators
415
Assistance Where Sequestrators Resisted
416
Defendant in Custody of Marshal
417
Production of Defendant in Court
418
CHAPTER XVI
419
Formal Pleading of Defendant
420
Time to Plead Answer or Demur
421
Pleading before Time Expires
422
General Principles Pertaining to Answer 682 Answer to Bill for Discovery and Relief
423
Written Answer
424
Commission to Take Answer in Federal Court
425
Compulsory Process to Enforce AnswerReturn of Attachment
426
Joint and Several Answer
427
Adoption of Answer of Codefendant
428
Reservation of Exceptions for Defects
429
Prayer of Dismissal
430
Signature to Answer of Corporation
431
Answer of Peer and Corporation
432
Who May Administer Oath
433
Special Order of Court Permitting Filing of Unsworn Answer
434
Exhibits to Answer
435
Withdrawal of Answer by Leave of Court
436
Effect of Answering to Merit
437
Parts of Bill to Which Answer Responds
438
Answer as Vehicle of Discovery 719 Defendant Must Answer Whole Bill by Way of Discovery
439
Answer Must Be Full and Explicit
440
Insufficient Answer
441
Specific Interrogatories Not Necessary to Enforce Full Discovery
442
When General Answer Sufficient
443
Negative Pregnant in Answer
444
Form and Extent of Defendants Denials
446
Defendant Not Compellable to Marshal Evidence
447
Defendant Not Compellable to Discover Trade Secrets
448
Necessity for Underwritten Note
449
THE ANSWER continued
450
Setting for Hearing 645
451
Mode of Effecting Amendment of Bill 671
454
Authority of Clerk to Grant Rules on Other Than Rule Days 766
459
758
460
Standing and Special Masters 844
462
Impertinence of Exhibit
466
Scope and Form of Interrogatories 1039
468
Striking Irregular Amendment 674
469
Waiver of Right to Except
471
Exceptions Set for Hearing before Court
472
Effect of Overruling Exceptions
473
Exceptions to Unsworn Answer 784 Effect of Waiving Oath
474
Other Considerations
475
Prevailing Doctrine in Federal Courts
476
CHAPTER XVIII
478
General and Special Replications
479
Amended Bill Setting up Matter of Special Replication
480
Supplemental Bill Setting up Matter of Special Replication
481
Requisites of Replication 796 Form of Replication
482
Title and Signature to Replication
483
Separate Replications to Separate Answers
484
Order Dismissing Bill for Want of Replication
485
When Application Comes Too Late
486
Withdrawal of Replication 807 Leave of Court to Withdraw
487
HEARING ON BILL AND ANSWER
488
What Proceedings Are AncillaryGeneral Rule 741
491
Resemblance of Such Hearing to Hearing on Bill and Answer
496
Mode of Proof 1440
498
Practice as to Amended Answer 689
499
Defenses Available by Plea
502
Plaintiffs Right to Discovery 1440
503
Dismissal without Prejudice 816
504
Recognition of Negative Pleas
507
Difficulty of Distinguishing Affirmative and Negative Pleas
508
Affirmative and Negative Elements of Anomalous Plea
509
Illustrations of Anomalous Plea
510
Omission of Allegation of Pretended Defense
513
General Requisites of Plea 846 Singleness of Issue Raised by Plea
514
Pleading Different Pleas to Distinct Parts
515
Order Granting Leave to File Several Pleas
516
Plea May State Many Facts Conducing to One Issue
518
Duplicity in Plea of Former Adjudication
519
Giving Plaintiff Better Writ
520
Plea of Innocent Purchase
521
Defense of Innocent Purchase in Answer
523
CHAPTER XXI
524
Frame of Plea
525
Prayer of Plea
526
All Defendants Must Verify Joint Answer
527
Effect of Failure to Verify
528
Filing of Plea
529
Argument of Legal Sufficiency of Plea 872 Testing Efficacy of Plea
530
Motion to Quash for Legal Insufficiency
531
Setting Plea for Argument
532
Argument of Plea
533
Assumption as to Truth of Matter Stated in Bill
534
Plea Good in Part Only
535
Effect of Decree as Res Judicata
536
Costs
537
When Matter of Plea Not Available in Answer
538
Order Granting Leave Should Be Express
539
Matter of Special Replication Must Be Pleaded in Bill
540
Proof and Trial of Issue
541
Proof Necessary on Issue Raised by Plea
542
Equity Rule Changes Prior Practice
543
Plea Sustained as to Part
544
Court May Refuse to Try Issue on Immaterial Plea
545
Plea Not Supported by Proof 905 Effect of Finding against PleaOriginal Rule
546
Effect of Equity Rule 34
547
Discussion of This Rule
548
Practice in Circuit Courts and Circuit Courts of Appeals
549
Policy of Rule
550
Right of Plaintiff to Insist on Discovery
551
Reserving Benefit of Plea to Final Hearing
552
Reference to Ascertain Truth of Plea
553
CHAPTER XXII
555
Demurrer Lies to Bill Only
556
Demurrer Reaches First Defective Pleading
557
Demurrer Must Be Based on Matter of Record
558
Speaking Demurrer
559
Different Grounds of Demurrer to One Bill
560
Inferences of Fact Admitted by Demurrer
561
Classification of Demurrers 929 Sorts of Demurrers
562
Demurrer to Person
563
General and Special Demurrers 934 General Demurrer
564
When Special Demurrer Necessary
565
Demurring Ore Tenus 938 Nature of Demurrer Ore Tenus
566
Specific Grounds of Demurrer
567
Demurrer Relying on Statute of Limitations
568
Defects of Form Waived by Failure to Demur
569
Demurrer Bad in Part Wholly Bad
571
Precision Required in Special Demurrer
572
Formalities Incident to Demurring 951 Form of Demurrer
573
Prayer of Demurrer
574
Defect Waived by Arguing Demurrer
575
Filing Demurrer
576
Demurrer after Plea or Answer Filed
577
Argument of Demurrer 961 Setting Demurrer for Argument
578
Disposing of DemurrerJudicial Discretion
579
Certainty of Bill as Affecting Disposition of Demurrer
580
Plaintiffs Right to Amend Where Demurrer Sustained
581
Costs and Terms
582
Conclusiveness of Issue Presented by Demurrer
583
CHAPTER XXIII
584
Normal Sequence of Defensive Pleadings
585
Demurrer Plea and Answer to Same Bill
586
Pleading Must Not Be Too Broad
587
Demurrer or Plea to Part Incompatible with Answer to Whole
588
Plea to Jurisdiction Not Overruled by Answer
589
Answer in Support of Plea 984 Matter of Discovery in Answer Does Not Overrule Plea
590
Discovery Not Needed on Affirmative Plea
591
Answer in Support of Plea
592
Necessity for Support Determined by Real Character of Plea
593
Bill Setting Up Equitable Circumstances Fatal to Plea
594
Bill Charging Fraud or Combination
595
Support Necessary Only Where Fraud Charged Would Defeat Plea
596
Concurrent Use of Supporting Answer and Other Pleadings
597
Supporting Answer as Evidence on Argument of Plea
598
Contents of Plea Supported by Answer
599
Discovery of Documents in Supporting Answer
600
Supporting Answer Proper Only Where Bill Contains Charges of Evidence
601
Supporting Answer Must Respond Only to Interrogatories
603
Supporting Answer Unnecessary Where Oath Waived
604
Validity of Plea Unaccompanied by Unsworn Answer
605
Excepting to Answer for Insufficiency
606
Answer in Subsidium
607
Plea or Demurrer Incorporated in Answer 1009 Answer May Embody Matter of Plea or Demurrer
608
Affirmative Plea Embodied in Answer
610
Negative or Anomalous Plea Embodied in Answer
611
Mode of Pleading Matter of Plea in Answer
612
Rule 39 Inapplicable Where Separate Plea Overruled and Incorpo rated in Answer
613
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