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barrass the new Administration. There is an opinion propagated with great zeal and industry in every part of Europe, that the union and prosperity of the United States are dependent altogether upon the personal character, merits, and popularity of the present President, and that the moment he shall retire from the government we shall fall into irreconcilable dissensions, which will soon be followed by a separation of the northern from the southern states. In England and France, perhaps among some people in this country, these ideas are not simple opinions; they have ripened into hopes. For whatever affections our countrymen may indulge in their hearts for this or that European nation, they may assure themselves that they are to all objects of fear and envy. The prosperity of the American people has become a reproach to the rulers of Europe, whether monarchical or republican, and prosperity generates envy among nations no less than among individuals. A paragraph has appeared in one of the late English newspapers, purporting to be founded on a letter from New York written in October, and announcing that troubles and confusions were expected to take place upon the approaching election for President; that the salutary advice of the present President's address to the people did not appear to have made any impression upon them; that in every State there was some

particular favorite but no union, no public spirit; and that the division of the States would be the probable consequence of these symptoms. This account has been repeated in one of the gazettes here, and coming just at the same time with the hostile declaration of the French Directory, has gratified or alarmed all those who from sentiment or interest take any notice of our affairs. It has produced an effect upon the stocks, though I have endeavored as far as I have been able to counteract the impression.

John Quincy Adams, Writings, (N. Y., 1913), II. 64-65.

10. "Squeak the Fife and Beat the Drum" (1796)

By ROYALL TYLER

A wit, poet, and chief justice of Vermont.

SQUEAK the fife, and beat the drum,
Independence day is come!!

Let the roasting pig be bled,
Quick twist off the cockerel's head,
Quickly rub the pewter platter,
Heap the nutcakes, fried in butter.
Set the cups, and beaker glass,
The pumpkin and the apple sauce,
Send the keg to shop for brandy;

Maple sugar we have handy.
Independent, staggering Dick,
A noggin mix of swinging thick;
Sal, put on your russet skirt,
Jotham, get your boughten shirt,
To-day we dance to tiddle diddle.
-Here comes Sambo with his fiddle;
Sambo, take a dram of whiskey,
And play up Yankee Doodle frisky.
Moll, come leave your witched tricks,
And let us have a reel of six.
Father and mother shall make two;
Sal, Moll and I stand all a-row,
Sambo, play and dance with quality;
This is the day of blest Equality.
Father and mother are but men,
And Sambo-is a Citizen.

Come, foot it, Sal-Moll, figure in,
And Mother, you dance up to him;
Now saw as fast as e'er you can do,
And father, you cross o'er to Sambo.
-Thus we dance, and thus we play,
On glorious INDEPENDENT Day.—
Rub more rosin on your bow,
And let us have another go.

Zounds! as sure as eggs and bacon,
Here's ensign Sneak, and uncle Deacon,
Aunt Thiah, and their Bets behind her,
On blundering mare, than beetle blinder.
And there's the 'squire too, with his lady-

Sal, hold the beast, I'll take the baby.
Moll, bring the 'squire our great arm chair,
Good folks, we're glad to see you here.
Jotham, get the great case bottle,

Your teeth can pull its corn-cob stopple.
Ensign, Deacon, never mind;

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'Squire, drink until you're blind.

Come, here's the French-and Guillotine, And here is good 'Squire Gallatin,

And here's each noisy Jacobin.

Here's friend Madison so hearty,

And here's confusion to the treaty.

Come, one more swig to southern Demos
Who represent our brother negroes.
Thus we drink and dance away,

This glorious INDEPENDENT DAY!

Stedman and Hutchinson, American Literature (III. 50), (N. Y., 1888), IV. 98-99.

II. Basis of American Foreign Policy (1796)

By PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON

An essential part of Washington's Farewell Address, partly written by Alexander Hamilton.

OBSERVE good faith and justice towards all Nations. Cultivate peace and harmony with all. -Religion and Morality enjoin this conduct; and

can it be, that good policy does not equally enjoin it? It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great Nation, to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a People always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence.

In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more essential, than that permanent, inveterate antipathies against particular Nations and passionate attachments for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings towards all should be cultivated. The Nation, which indulges towards another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondness, is in some degree a slave. It is a slave to its animosity or to its affection, either of which is sufficient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest.-Antipathy in one nation against another disposes each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and intractable, when accidental or trifling occasions of dispute occur. Hence frequent collisions, obstinate, envenomed and bloody contests. The Nation, prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes impels to War the Government, contrary to the best calculations of policy. The Government sometimes participates in the national propensity, and adopts through passion what reason would reject; at other times, it makes the animosity of the Nation sub

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