ARTICLE XI. Students of either nationality, who may proceed to the country of the other, in order to study the language, literature, laws or arts, shall be given all possible protection and assistance in evidence of cordial good will. ARTICLE XII. This being the first Treaty negotiated by Chosen, and hence being general and incomplete in its provisions, shall in the first instance be put into operation in all things stipulated herein. As to stipulations not contained herein, after an interval of five years, when the officers and the people of the two Powers shall have become more familiar with each others language, a further negotiation of commercial provisions and regulations in detail, in conformity with international law and without unequal discriminations on either part shall be had. ARTICLE XIII. This Treaty, and future official correspondence between the two contracting Governments shall be made, on the part of Chosen, in the Chinese language. The United States shall either use the Chinese language, or, if English be used, it shall be accompanied with a Chinese version, in order to avoid misunderstanding. ARTICLE XIV. The High Contracting Powers hereby agree that, should at any time the King of Chosen grant to any nation or to the merchants or citizens of any nation, any right, privilege or favor, connected either with navigation, commerce, political or other intercourse, which is not conferred by this Treaty, such right, privilege and favor shall freely inure to the benefit of the United States, its public officers, merchants and citizens, provided always, that whenever such right, privilege or favor is accompanied by any condition, or equivalent concession granted by the other nation interested, the United States, its officers and people shall only be entitled to the benefit of such right, privilege or favor upon complying with the conditions or concessions connected therewith. In faith whereof the respective Commissioners Plenipotentiary have signed and sealed the foregoing at Yin-Chuen in English and Chinese, being three originals of each text of even tenor and date, the ratifications of which shall be exchanged at Yin-Chuen within one year from the date of its execution, and immediately thereafter this Treaty shall be in all its provisions publicly proclaimed and made known by both Governments in their respective countries, in order that it may be obeyed by their citizens and subjects respectively. Chosen, May the 22nd, A. D. 1882. [SEAL.] [SEAL.] R. W. SHUFELDT, Commodore, U. S. N., Envoy of the U. S. to Chosen. [Senate resolution advising ratification.] IN EXECUTIVE SESSION, SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, Resolved, (two thirds of the Senators present concurring.) That the Senate advise and consent to the ratification of the treaty of commerce and navigation between the United States and the Kingdom of Corea or Chosen, concluded on the 22nd of May 1882. Resolved, That it is the understanding of the Senate in agreeing to the foregoing resolution, that the clause, “Nor are they permitted to transport native produce from one open port to another open port," in Article VI of said treaty, it is not intended to prohibit and does not prohibit American ships from going from one open port to another open port in Corea or Chosen to receive Corean cargo for exportation, or to discharge foreign cargo, and Resolved, That the President be requested to communicate the foregoing interpretation of said clause to the Corean or Chosen government on the exchange of ratifications of said treaty, as the sense in which the United States understand the same. Resolved further, That the Senate in advising and consenting to the treaty mentioned in the foregoing resolutions does not admit or acquiesce in any right or constitutional power in the President to authorize or empower any person to negotiate treaties or carry on diplomatic negotiations with any foreign power, unless such person shall have been appointed for such purpose or clothed with such power by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, except in the case of a Secretary of State or diplomatic officer appointed by the President to fill a vacancy occurring during the recess of the Senate, and it makes the declaration in order that the means employed in the negotiation of said treaty be not drawn into precedent. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate all the foregoing resolutions to the President. Attest: F. E. SHOBER, Acting Secretary. COSTA RICA. 1851. TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION. Concluded July 10, 1851; ratification advised by the Senate March 11, 1852; ratified by the President May 25, 1852; ratifications exchanged May 26, 1852; proclaimed May 26, 1852. ARTICLES. I. Amity. II. Freedom of commerce and navi- III. Most favored nation privileges. VI. No discrimination on vessels. IX. Exemption from military serv ice, etc. X. Consular and diplomatic privi- XI. Rights in case of war. In the name of the Most Holy Trinity. Commercial intercourse having been for some time established between the United States and the Republic of Costa Rica, it seems good for the security as well as the encouragement of such commercial intercourse, and for the maintenance of good understanding between the United States and the said Republic, that the relations now subsisting between them should be regularly acknowledged and confirmed by the signature of a treaty of amity, commerce and navigation. For this purpose they have named their respective plenipotentiaries, that is to say: The President of the United States, Daniel Webster, Secretary of State, and his Excellency the President of the Republic of Costa Rica, Señor Don Felipe Molina, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of that Republic to the United States; Who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles: ARTICLE I. There shall be perpetual amity between the United States and their citizens on the one part, and the Government of the Republic of Costa Rica and its citizens on the other. ARTICLE II. There shall be, between all the territories of the United States and the territories of the Republic of Costa Rica a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of the two countries, respec tively, shall have liberty, freely and securely, to come with their ships and cargoes to all places, ports and rivers in the territories aforesaid, to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come; to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part thereof, respectively; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each nation, respectively, shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. In like manner, the respective ships of war and post-office packets of the two countries shall have liberty, freely and securely, to come to all harbors, rivers and places to which other foreign ships of war and packets are or may be permitted to come, to enter into the same, to anchor, and to remain there and refit; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. By the right of entering the places, ports and rivers mentioned in this article, the privilege of carrying on the coasting trade is not understood; in which trade, national vessels only of the country where the trade is carried on are permitted to engage. ARTICLE III. It being the intention of the two high contracting parties to bind themselves, by the preceding articles, to treat each other on the footing of the most favored nation, it is hereby agreed between them, that any favor, privilege or immunity whatever, in matters of commerce and navigation, which either contracting party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other state, shall be extended to the subjects or citizens of the other high contracting party, gratuitously, if the concession in favor of that other nation shall have been gratuitous; or in return for compensation as nearly as possible of proportionate value and effect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement, if the concessions shall have been conditional. ARTICLE IV. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of the United States of any article being of the growth, produce or manufacture of the Republic of Costa Rica, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of the Republic of Costa Rica, of any articles being the growth, produce or manufacture of the territories of the United States, than are or shall be payable on the like articles, being the growth, produce or manufacture of any other foreign country; nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories of either of the high contracting parties, on the exportation of any articles to the territories of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or importation of any articles the growth, produce or manufacture of the territories of the United States, or of the Republic of Costa Rica, to or from the said territories of the United States, or to or from the Republic of Costa Rica, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. ARTICLE V. No higher nor other duties or payments on account of tonnage, of light or harbor-dues, of pilotage, of salvage, in case either of damage or shipwreck, or on account of any other local charges, shall be imposed in any of the ports of the Republic of Costa Rica, on vessels of the United States, than those payable in the same ports by Costa Rican vessels; nor in any of the ports of the United States, on Costa Rican vessels, than shall be payable in the same ports on vessels of the United States. ARTICLE VI. The same duties shall be paid on the importation into the territories of the Republic of Costa Rica of any article being of the growth, produce or manufacture of the territories of the United States, whether such importation shall be made in Costa Rican, or in vessels of the United States; and the same duties shall be paid on the importation into the territories of the United States of any article being the growth, produce or manufacture of the Republic of Costa Rica, whether such importation shall be made in the United States or in Costa Rican vessels. The same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation to the Republic of Costa Rica of any articles being the growth, produce or manufacture of the territories of the United States, whether such exportations shall be made in Costa Rican or in United States vessels; and the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any articles being the growth, produce or manufacture of the Republic of Costa Rica to the territories of the United States, whether such exportation shall be made in United States or in Costa Rican vessels. ARTICLE VII. All merchants, commanders of ships and others, citizens of the United States, shall have full liberty, in all the territories of the Republic of Costa Rica, to manage their own affairs themselves, or to commit them to the management of whomsoever they please, as broker, factor, agent or interpreter; nor shall they be obliged to employ any other persons in those capacities than those employed by Costa Ricans, nor to pay them any other salary or remuneration than such as is paid in like cases by Costa Rican citizens; and absolute freedom shall be allowed in all cases to the buyer and seller to bargain and fix the price of any goods, wares or merchandise imported into or exported from the Republic of Costa Rica, as they shall see good, observing the laws and established customs of the country. The same privileges shall be enjoyed in the territories of the United States by the citizens of the Republic of Costa Rica under the same conditions. The citizens of the high contracting parties shall reciprocally receive and enjoy full and perfect protection for their persons and property, and shall have free and open access to the courts of justice in the said countries respectively, for the prosecution and defence of their just rights; and they shall be at liberty to employ, in all cases, |