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for Burnley, in the month of November, 1868, and was a warm supporter of Mr. Gladstone. SHAWE, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, a British general, born in 1791; died April 7, 1876. He obtained his first commission as ensign in May, 1808, and served in the Coldstream Guards, in the Peninsula, from 1810 to 1812, and in Holland and Belgium in 1813-'14. He was severely wounded at Bergen-op-Zoom. He had been colonel of the Seventy-fourth Highlanders since 1856.

SHILLETO, Rev. RICHARD, a British scholar; died September 24, 1876. He was a Fellow of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, was one of the most accomplished Greek scholars in the university, and was the instructor of the majority of the best scholars of the university. On two occasions, in 1839 and 1840, he acted as one of the examiners for the classical Tripos. He edited Demosthenes's "De Falsa Legatione," and at the time of his death was engaged in editing "The History of the Peloponnesian War" by Thucydides.

SIMPSON, RICHARD, a British writer, born in 1820; died April 5, 1876. In 1862 he founded, together with Lord Acton and others, the Liberal weekly, The Rambler, and, after that had suspended publication, The Home and Foreign Review, which did not appear for more than two years. He was the author of a "Life of Campian," and other works.

SOULIE, EUDORE, a well-known writer on art and literature, and the conservator of the Museum of Versailles, born in 1817; died in June, 1876. He began his career at Versailles in 1836, under the patronage of Chateaubriand, who was his godfather. Since then he gradually rose to the highest position in the service of that museum. To English students he was best known by his excellent Catalogue, which is not a new guide-book, but an important contribution to the history of art in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; but in France his name is mostly associated with that of Molière, of whom he wrote a most interesting and exhaustive biography. Other works of which he was part editor are the "Mémoires de Dangeau," "Mémoires du Cardinal de Luynes," and the Journal d'Hérouard.

STEIFENSAND, XAVIER, a German engraver on copper, born in 1809; died January 6, 1876. Among his works are numerous engravings on copper of the paintings of celebrated artists, as Kaulbach, Overbeck, Chauvin, and others. His most celebrated engraving is that of the "Worship of the Three Wise Men," by Paul Veronese, which he completed in 1873.

STEWART, Colonel ALEXANDER, a British officer, born in 1825; died September 22, 1876. He served with the expedition in China in 1842-43, was present at the capture of Woosung and Shanghai, the storming of ChingKiang-Foo, and the operations before Nanking. He had been Inspector-General of Ordnance and Magazines at Madras.

STISTED, Lieutenant-General Sir HENRY WIL

LIAM, a British officer, born in 1817; died January 27, 1876. He entered the army as cornet in the cavalry in 1835, and was appointed major-general in 1864. He served for many years in the British army in India, taking part in the campaigns against Afghanistan, Beloochistan, Persia, and for the suppression of the Indian mutiny. At the creation of the Dominion of Canada he was appointed LieutenantGovernor of Ontario, which position he held for some time.

STUART, Sir JOHN, a British statesman, born in 1793; died October 30, 1876. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1819, and was for years, until his death, one of the benchers. He was made Queen's Counsel in 1839, and appointed one of the Vice-Chancellors of England in 1852, which position he filled with distinction until March, 1871. He was created a knight upon his elevation to the judicial bench, and represented Newark in the conservative interest from 1846 to 1852, and BurySt.-Edmunds from the latter date until made a judge.

TALBOT, Sir CHARLES, a British admiral, born in 1801; died August 8, 1876. He entered the Royal Naval College in 1815, and in 1817 embarked as a volunteer on board the Prometheus. He subsequently served on the South American stations, and on the night of April 6, 1831, an insurrection having broken out at Rio de Janeiro, he rescued and brought off from the Palace of São Christovão the Emperor and Empress, a service which Dom Pedro II. acknowledged by presenting him with the decoration of the Brazilian Order of the Southern Cross. In 1845 he served off the coast of Borneo, and was commodore at the Cape of Good Hope from 1852 to 1854. As captain of the Algiers, from 1854 to 1856, he was employed in conveying troops to the Baltic, and also at the blockade of Sebastopol. His last command was at the Nore, from 1864 to 1866.

TARNOCZY, MAXIMILIAN, Cardinal Archbishop of Salzburg, Austria, born October 24, 1806; died April 4, 1876. He entered the priesthood at an early age, was consecrated Archbishop of Salzburg in 1850, and cardinal in 1873. He was distinguished alike for his piety and zeal.

TAYLOR, Sir HENRY GEORGE ANDREW, a British general, born in 1783; died February 9, 1876. He served in the Mahratta campaign in 1803-'4, under the Duke of Wellington, and was wounded at Assaye; was subsequently Town-Major of Madras (1825), and held several brigade commands, terminating with the command of the Northern Division. He was created a G. C. B. in 1873.

TELEKI, Count DOMINIK, an Hungarian nobleman, born in 1810; died May 1, 1876. He had been director and honorary member of the Hungarian Academy, a member of the Hungarian Reichstag, where he belonged to the Deak party, and had written a number of historical essays.

TINDALL, LOUIS SYMONDS, a British admiral;

died February 4, 1876. He entered the navy in 1825, and obtained his first commission in 1832. He took part in the attack upon Chuenpe, in the taking of the Bogue forts, in the storming of the enemy's works close to Whampoa Reach, and in the capture of the last fort protecting the approaches to Canton, and in the other operations against that city. As a reward for his services on that occasion, he was made a commander in 1841. He obtained post-rank in 1852, and went on the retired list in 1864; became retired rear-admiral in 1868, and vice-admiral in 1874.

TOCQUEVILLE, HIPPOLYTE, Comte DE, a French senator, born in 1812; died in August, 1876. In 1871 he was elected from La Manche to the National Assembly, and in 1875 was elected by that body one of the life-senators, the fifty-seventh, by 340 votes. He was a

member of the Left Centre.

TRAUBE, LUDWIG, a German physician, born January 12, 1818; died April 11, 1876. He was professor in the University of Berlin, and was one of the most distinguished clinical instructors of the nineteenth century.

VITALE, Count LUIGI S., an Italian statesinan; died in January, 1876. He was one of the earliest champions of the unity and liberty of Italy. Having been appointed senator in 1848, he resigned a year later when a political change took place. He was again appointed senator in 1860, and was for a number of years secretary of the Presidential Bureau. For some years previous to his death he took no active part in the labors of the Senate, owing to his advanced age.

VOLKHART, WILHELM, a German artist, born June 23, 1815; died March 14, 1876. He was chiefly distinguished as an historical painter. His best works are: "The Murder of Rizzio (1841), "Mary Stuart on the Scaffold" (1844), and "The Death of Admiral Coligny " (1846). VOLLMER, ALEXANDER JOSEPH, a Gertnan philologist, born September 26, 1803; died December 5, 1876. His best work is a critical edition of "Gudrun" (1845). His edition of the "Nibelunge Not" and "Klage" introduced in 1845 the great collection of "Dichtungen des deutschen Mittelalters." Together with Conrad Hoffmann he published a corrected edition of the "Hildebrand-Lied" (1850), and in 1862 he published his corrections of the fragments of the "Skeireins."

WADDINGTON, JOSHUA, a British merchant, born in York, England, in 1792; died in Valparaiso, October 11, 1876. In 1817 he went to Valparaiso, where he established himself in business, his house becoming one of the largest on the Pacific coast of South America.

WALLNER, FRANZ, a German actor, born September 25, 1810; died January 19, 1876. He began his career as actor in 1830, with a traveling-troupe in Krems, Austria. During a trip through Germany he appeared within ten years on almost every German stage of any account. In 1854 he went to Berlin, where he built

within a few years his own theatre-the Wallner-Theater-which soon became one of the most famous in the city. In 1868 he retired to private life on account of his health.

Walpole, Frederick, M. P., born September 18, 1822; died April 2, 1876. He entered the Royal Navy in 1839, and served with distinction in the first Anglo-Chinese War, in the India waters, and during the operations on the Danube. In politics he was a Conservative. He contested Lynn unsuccessfully in November, 1865, and in 1868 was returned to Parliament for North Norfolk. He was the author of "Four Years in the Pacific," "The Ansayrii, or Further East," and other works.

WALPOLE, Sir ROBERT, born in 1808; died July 12, 1876. He was a lieutenant-general, and was created a K. C. B. in 1859.

WILDE, Sir WILLIAM ROBERT WILLS, Knt.. M. D., F. R. C. S. I., a British physician; died April 19, 1876. He was Surgeon-Oculist in Ordinary to the Queen in Ireland, and was knighted in 1864 by the Earl of Carlisle, LordLieutenant of Ireland, "to mark the sense of services rendered to statistical science, especially in connection with the Irish census."

WINTHER, CHRISTIAN, one of the most distinguished Danish poets, born July 29, 1796; died in the latter part of December, 1876. He published a large number of poems, all of them of great beauty. He also wrote a number of novels and juvenile works, among them "Tre Fortällinger" (1851), and "En Morskavstog" (1850), and a translation of Goethe's "Reineke Fuchs." He published a collection of his poems in nine volumes (1860). The Danish Diet, in 1851, granted him an annual pension of 1,000 rigsdalers.

WUTTKE, HEINRICH, a German historian, born February 12, 1818; died June 14, 1876. In 1848 he became a member of the Vorparlament in Frankfort; was appointed professor in the university, and elected as Robert Blum's successor to the German National Assembly, where he helped to found the Grossdeutsche (Great German) party. He was the author of numerous works, of which "Die deutschen Zeitschriften und die Entstehung der öffentlichen Meinung" (1866; third edition, 1875) and "Geschichte der Schrift und des Schriftthums" (1 vol., 1872, et seq.) are especially valued.

ZIEGLER, FRANZ, a Prussian politician, born February 3, 1803; died October 1, 1876. As Mayor of Brandenburg, in 1840, he became very popular, was elected a member of the National Assembly of 1848, and was the only one of the tax-refusers who was arrested and tried for treason. From 1864 to 1870 he was a member of the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, and since 1867 a member first of the North-German and afterward of the German Reichstag. He was the author of several novels, among them "Nondum," "Landwehrmann Krille," and "Der Bettler vom Capitol,” and of a number of works on social questions. ZUCCALMAGLIO, VINCENZ VON, a German

politician and author, born May 26, 1806; died November 23, 1876. In 1836 he published, under the nom de plume Montanus, his largest work, "Vorzeit," in eight volumes. In his "Geschichte des deutschen Volks," he advocated the unity of Germany under the leadership of Prussia.

OHIO. The following is a brief summary of the present financial condition of the State:

On the 15th day of November, 1875, the public debt was..

The redemptions during the year were-Loan of 1875..

Outstanding November 15, 1876.. Of the amount outstanding on the 15th of November, 1875, the sum of $11,865 had ceased. to draw interest, the holders thereof having been notified to surrender their stock for redemption, so that the interest-bearing funded debt of the State is......

$7,949,920 12

1,465,414 82

$6,484,505 30

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$6,472,640 30 1,477,279 82

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A reduction during the past year of...........

The funded debt is divided as follows: Foreign debt, so called, payable in New York City...

Domestic debt, payable in Columbus.

Total........

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$42,544,458 86

4,207,716 90

$46,752,200 76

Irreducible debt (consisting of school, college,
and other trust funds)..

Aggregate public debts in Ohio (State,
local, and trust funds).......

The local indebtedness in this statement is reckoned to September 1, 1876, and the State debt to November 15, 1876.

The balance in the State Treasury on the 15th of November, 1875, was..

The receipts from all sources for the fiscal year ending November 13, 1876, were...

Total amount of funds in the Treasury
for the year..
The disbursements for all purposes during the
year have been

Balance in the Treasury, November 15,
1:76.....

$1,429,778 52

5,159,667 96

$6,589,446 48 6,003,617 44

$535,829 04

estate in cities, towns, and villages

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From the foregoing statement it appears that the State debt was reduced during the year almost one and a half million dollars, and that the indebtedness of counties, townships, and school districts was reduced over $300,000. But cities of the first and second class, and incorporated villages, have increased their indebtedness more than $10,000,000 since the close of the fiscal year 1875.

The State School Commissioner complains of the neglect to furnish him with complete returns in all cases, thus rendering his statistics imperfect. The following is a summary of the leading facts shown by the reports received:

Number of youth of school age in the State in
September, 1875..

Number of school districts in the State ..
Number of sub-districts in township districts.
Estimated value of school-houses, including
grounds..

Number of teachers actually employed..
Number of pupils enrolled in the schools.
Average number of pupils in daily attendance
Total of receipts, including balance on hand
September 1, 1875..

Total of expenditures..

1,017,726

1,968 18,627

$20,969,557

22.846

722.963

447,139

$12.205 518 44

$5,462,757 51

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The ratio of taxation for the maintenance of these classes is one and six-hundredths of one mill (18) on each dollar of taxable property in the State; so that the citizen paying taxes on one thousand dollars' worth of property pays ten cents and six mills for the support of charitable, penal, and reformatory institutions, State, county, and city. This aggregate is reached, for the most part, by returns of actual numbers from State and county insti$28,893,182 87 tutions. As a few counties failed to make full

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returns, the actual aggregate is probably in excess of the number given above. The number of acres reported from eighty-one counties as occupied for Infirmary farms is 17,398, of which 12,906 acres are under cultivation.

The State Mine Inspector reports about 300 coal-mines in the State, of which all but twenty-five were worked in 1876. The total amount of coal raised was not over 3,000,000 tons, it having been a year of unusual dullness in the coal-trade, no one mining region working even half-time. Seventy serious and thirteen fatal accidents are reported.

The Adjutant-General reports the infantry force of the State to consist of nine regiments and three battalions, including seventy-five companies, with forty-two companies unattached; the artillery force includes two fourgun and ten two-gun batteries; the cavalry force consists of two unattached companies.

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The State Board of Centennial Managers reported to the Governor that a very successful exhibition had been made by the State at Philadelphia, and that the sum appropriated by the Legislature had more than sufficed for the needs of the Board, there being a surplus of several thousand dollars. The entire number of Ohio exhibits was 1,000, of which 250 received awards-a proportion larger than was obtained by any other State for the same class of articles.

Rutherford B. Hayes was inaugurated Governor on the 10th of January. In his inaugural address he called the attention of the Legislature to the great increase of local taxation and local indebtedness. He said:

The following statement, showing the increase of municipal taxation and indebtedness in the cities and large towns of Ohio, ought to arrest attention:

In 1871, in thirty-one of the principal cities and towns of the State, the average rate of taxation was twenty-three and one-tenth mills on the dollar. The total amount of taxes levied for all purposes was $8,988,064. The total indebtedness was $7,187,082.

In 1875, in the same cities and towns, the average rate of taxation was twenty-eight and three-tenths mills on the dollar. The total amount of taxes levied

for all purposes was $12,861,934. The total indebtedness was $20,800,491.

constitution, already referred to, the State debt, Under the provisions of the eighth article of the notwithstanding the extraordinary expenditures of the war, has been reduced from over $20,000,000, the amount due in 1851, until it is now only about $7,000,000. An important part of the constitutional provisions which have been so successful in State finances is the section which requires the creation of a sinking-fund, and the annual payment of a constantly-increasing sum on the principal of the State debt. Let a requirement analogous to this be enacted in regard to existing local indebtedness; let a judicious limitation of the rate of taxation which local authorities may levy be strictly adhered to: and allow no further indebtedness to be authorized except in conformity with these principles, and we may, I believe, confidently expect that within a few years the burdens of debt now resting upon the cities and towns of the State will disappear, and that other wholesome and much-needed reforms in the whole administration of our municipal government will, of necessity, follow the adoption of what may be called the cash-system in local affairs.

The Legislature met January 3d. One of its first proceedings was to pass an act repealing the "Geghan Law," the passage of which by the preceding Legislature had created much feeling, and was made an issue in the political campaign of 1875, the charge having been made that the law had been passed by a Democratic Legislature at the demand of the Catholics. The first session closed April 12, one hundred and seventy-three general laws and a large number of local and special laws having been passed. Among the general enactments were laws reorganizing the governments of the State institutions, the preceding Legislature having reorganized them on a different party basis when it came into power. The office of Controller of the Treasury was abolished. Several laws were passed limiting the taxing powers of municipal corporations, and restricting their powers to incur debts, and prohibiting appropriations beyond the amounts actually in the Treasury to the credit of the several funds. One law prohibits the making of contracts for special improvements, such as streetopenings, paving, etc., until all the money has been placed in the Treasury by special assessment on the property benefited. A large part of the municipal indebtedness was made up of bonds issued for special improvements, and this enactment put a sudden stop to further work of the kind. A law was also passed for the protection of children engaged in publie shows, preventing a child under fourteen years old being thus exhibited.

The Prohibition State Convention was held in Columbus, February 23d. The following State ticket was nominated: Secretary of State, E. S. Chapman, of Montgomery; Judge of Supreme Court, D. W. Gage, of Cleveland; member of Board of Public Works, Ferdinand Schumacher, of Akron.

The platform adopted was as follows:

1. That the making and vending of alcoholic liquer as a beverage is fraught with evil to property, peace, health, and life.

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2. Government was organized to shield man against wrong and criminal acts of men.

3. Those who fail to secure this protection violate the design of government.

4. The most flagrant violation of government is found among those who make our government, and by those who give venders of liquor legal and political encouragement. 5. No government should contravene the purpose of its formation, by taking into public service those who are connected with the liquor-traffic, or addicted to the dangerous vice of drinking.

6. A Prohibition party is demanded. Others have failed to give or promise prohibition laws.

7. The women are the greatest sufferers. They are taxed for its support, and governed without their consent. They should have the means to protect themselves-the ballot.

8. Favors a well-maintained system of common schools, under the exclusive control of State management and money, and the widest diffusion of the teachings of the Bible.

A resolution was also adopted calling on the General Assembly to take steps to gather statistics showing the crime-increase and death

incident to the manufacture, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages.

The Republican State Convention met at Columbus, March 29th, and placed in nomination the following ticket: Secretary of State, Milton Barnes, of Guernsey County; Judge of Supreme Court, Washington W. Boynton, of Lorain County; member of Board of Public Works, James C. Evans, of Delaware County. The following platform was adopted:

1. The Republicans of Ohio renew their allegiance to the Republican party of the United States, and reaffirm its principles of free government as declared and defended by the grand men of 1776, and endeared to our times by the sacrifices of war and the blessings of an assured union of the States, based upon universal liberty.

2. The citizens of the several States of the Union are also citizens of the nation, and are equal under the Constitution and laws in all rights of citizenship, and are entitled to full and equal protection in their

exercise.

3. We favor an honest and economical administration of the Government, and favor retrenchment and

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reform in the public service. Personal integrity and fidelity should be required of all officials, and when found to be dishonest and corrupt, they should be prosecuted and punished; and we cordially commend the vigorous prosecution of public offenders by the present national Administration.

4. The national credit and honor must be sacredly maintained.

5. We recognize gold as the true standard of values and the only steady and safe basis for a circulating medium, and declare that that policy of finance should be steadily pursued which, without unnecessary injury to business or trade, will ultimately equalize the value of the coin and paper dollar.

6. We favor a tariff for a revenue with incidental protection to American industry.

7. We stand by our system of free common schools supported by general taxation; there must be no division of the school-fund, and no sectarian interference with the schools.

8. To the soldiers and sailors who fought for the United States the nation owes a debt of gratitude, and they, and the widows and orphans of those who have fallen, are justly entitled to liberal bounties and pensions.

9. The thanks of the people are due to President Grant for his faithful adherence to Republican principles; and we assure him of the gratitude of the country for the distinguished services he has rendered as a soldier and civilian.

10. The Republican party of Ohio, having confidence in the honesty, ability, and patriotism of Rutherford B. Hayes, cordially present him to the National Republican Convention for the nomination of President of the United States; and our State delegates to that convention are instructed, and the district delegates are requested, to use their earnest efforts to secure his nomination.

The Democratic State Convention was held

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