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The third resolution invites the cooperation and support of all fair-minded and patriotic men in securing the election of our candidates, and the continued ascendency of our principles, until the civil and political rights of every citizen, native or foreign born, black or white, shall be respected and maintained in every part of the Union.

The fourth declares that the able, honest, and faithful administration of our State affairs by our present State officials entitles them to the gratitude of the people, and that the record of their administration, with that of their Republican predecessors, cannot fail to challenge the admiration of all fairminded men.

The fifth is as follows: "We present to the electors of the State the ticket this day nominated, and earnestly commend each name thereon as worthy of the united and hearty support of the people of this Commonwealth."

The Democratic Convention to nominate candidates for State officers was held in Detroit on August 9th. It nominated the following ticket:

Governor, W. L. Webber; Lieutenant-Governor, Julius Houseman; Secretary of State, George H. House; Treasurer, J. G. Parkhurst ; Auditor, General F. M. Holloway; Commissioner of the Land-Office, C. W. Green; Superintendent of Public Instruction, Zelotus Truesdell.

The following platform was adopted:

1. The Democracy of Michigan, in convention assembled, affirm their abiding faith in the traditional principles of the Democratic party, namely: Strict construction of the Federal Constitution; local self-government; the strict responsibility of public officials to the people; hostility to sumptuary laws and to undue protection, by Federal legislation, of special and local interests.

2. We declare that the supreme object of political action at the present time is to bring about such a reform in public administration as shall remove from office the men and the party whose corruptions have dishonored the republic at home, and disgraced it in the sight of foreign nations, and shall restore to the people under a Democratic Administration a just, honest, economical, and constitutional gov

ernment.

3. In the declaration of principles adopted by the National Democratic Convention at St. Louis, we recognize a just and explicit statement of Democratic principles, and an unanswerable presentation of the necessity of reform in the administration of public affairs, and we hereby declare our unqualified assent to the same.

4. The Democracy of Michigan demand in our public servants, both State and national, honest capability and fidelity, as guarantees of good government, and in our national standard-bearers, as well as in the candidates for State offices nominated by this convention, we recognize men who possess preeminently these qualifications, and we pledge them our cordial support to the end that, in their triumphant election, may be inaugurated the reforms demanded by the people and so essential to the very existence of good government itself.

5. We declare our devotion to the Federal Consti

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ing out the provision in the constitution which prohibits licensing the sale of liquors, which has been in force twenty-five years. Adoptedyes, 60,639; no, 52,561. 2. Allowing constitutional amendments to be voted upon in the spring. Adopted-yes, 52,306; no, 21,984. 3. Increasing salaries of circuit judges from $1,500 to $2,500. Defeated-yes, 65,371; no, 65,966.

At the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia the State was represented very satisfactorily the exhibition being under the general management of a board consisting of the Governor, and Messrs. M. I. Mills, J. J. Woodman, H. Fralich, and J. A. Hubbell. The following persons had charge of different departments: Educational, D. C. Jacokes; Mineral, S. Brady; Agricultural and Pomological, C. E. Inglefritz. The Michigan building was constructed entirely of Michigan wood, slate, and stone, and was a good specimen of neat and substantial architecture, constructed for comfortable occupation. The number of Michigan visitors registered there was over 31,000. The exhibits made by the board consisted of 1,200 varieties of woods and shrubs, 210 varieties of grasses sent by the Agricultural College, 540 samples of wool, 500 specimens of grains and seeds, 475 specimens of iron, copper, and gypsum, 40 of salt and salt-brine, many samples of building-stone and slate, 370 archæological specimens illustrative of prehistoric ages, 475 specimens of fruit. Of the show of fruit, Mr. Landreth, the Superintendent of the Agricultural Department of the Exposition, says: "It at all times exceeded that of any other State, and in the aggregate more than doubled the quantity sent from any other State, while the variety and quality were unexampled. The display of fruit alone was of incalculable value as a means of directing the thoughtful to the resources of Michigan." MICROMETER-TELESCOPE. The port able micrometer for finding distances, invented by Rogers, is an adaptation of the dividedobject-glass principle originated by Dolland. This method of determining distances has been used in astronomical observations, and large instruments on this principle have been in use for some time; but a portable micrometer, for use on shipboard or in land and harbor surveys, is a new and valuable idea. The Rogers micrometer has considerable advantages over the Rochon micrometer, the only smaller instrument of the kind before used, being more compact and manageable, and much more accurate. By a new arrangement of the slides and micrometer-screw, the compact form is obtained, which is convenient enough for use in a ship, boat, or on horseback. The readings are taken by combining the number indicated on a revolving micrometer-head in front of the object-glass, and the number indicated on a sliding scale. Each instrument is provided with both an ordinary eye-piece magnifying fourteen diameters, and an invert

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ing eye-piece magnifying ten diameters. The corrected zero-reading, the number of micrometer-divisions, and the value in seconds of the arc of each division, can be determined at any time by brief calculations. The index-correction, or the difference between the indicated zero-reading and the absolute reading, must be applied in all observations. The angle, subtended by a vertical object, can be directly noted in terms of the micrometer-divisions. The height of an object being known, its distance is found by multiplying the height into the cotangent of the angle it subtends (formula: d = h × x). The values of all angles in terms of the micrometer-divisions may be made into a table for each instrument for the sake of convenience. By means of three or more spars of known height set up on the shore, a complete harbor-survey can be made of a harbor with the micrometer. Among the various uses to which this inestimable instrument can be applied are: to survey an anchorage; to find the position of a vessel in reference to a lighthouse; to observe the relative positions of ships in a fleet; and to observe whether a pursuing or fleeing vessel is losing or gaining ground.

MILMAN, ROBERT, Bishop of Calcutta, born in 1816; died March 15, 1876. After receiving an education at Westminster School and Exeter

College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1839, and was, successively, Curate of Winwick, Northamptonshire; Vicar of Chaddleworth, Berks; Vicar of Lambourne, Berks; and Vicar of Great Marlow, Bucks. In 1867 he was consecrated Bishop of Calcutta, in succession to Dr. Cotton, who was drowned in India, in October, 1866. He was the author of the following works: "The Life of Tasso" (2 vols., 1848), "Conversion of Pomerania," "Love of the Atonement," "Meditations on Confirmation," "Voices of the Harvest," and "The Way through the Desert; or, the Caravan " (1850).

MINNESOTA. The State of Minnesota has a Bureau of Statistics, under the charge of Commissioner J. B. Phillips. The labor of obtaining returns and making up the annual report necessarily keeps the statistics about one year behind, those for 1875 being made up in 1876. According to the last report, the product of the leading grains in 1875 was as follows:

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000 trees have been planted in groves, and a large number by waysides and about dwellings. The total valuation of taxable property in the State, as determined by the Board of Equalization, for the year 1876, was $218,850,744, a decrease of $4,999 from that of 1875. The State tax is two mills on the dollar, and the average rate of taxation throughout the State for all purposes is 1 per cent. The receipts of the State Treasury, for the year ending November 30th, were $1,151,649.79, including a balance of $130,245.29 on hand at the beginning of the year. The disbursements amounted to $1,035,385.50, leaving an unexpended balance of $116,264.29. A suit brought against the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Company, to determine the amount due the State in lieu of taxes, resulted in the recovery of about $50,000. The total amount paid by the railroads of the State in taxes on their gross earnings, in 1875, is $131,559. There are now 1,984 miles of railroad in operation in the State. The only addition made this year was about 30 miles of the Worthington & Sioux Falls road, from Worthington to Luverne. The following table presents the important railroad statistics of the year:

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Gross

Passen-
gers. Earnings.

154.228 145,298 $645.559
63,750
725,928

24,055 18,510
232,642 120,805|
95,975 6,000
21,963 6.900

233,898

59,776

145,614 40,709

Sioux City & St. Paul.

St. Paul & Pacific, main line.

St. Paul & Pacific, branch

36,759 25,439 225,795 67,287 118,969 13.255 186,196 230,540| 84,827 191,996|

St. P., Stillwater & Taylor's Falls
Southern Minnesota....
Winona & St. Peter....
Winona, Mank. & North Ulm..
West Wisconsin...

Total.......

198,868 55,226
289,631 129,678
10,340 16,233
78,105 89,003

The expense of supporting the State-prison during the past year was $39,406.78, while its earnings amounted to $18,158.87, leaving $21,247.91 as the net cost to the State. There were 166 inmates at the end of the year, and the average number was 1534.

The number of patients in the Insane Asylum at the beginning of the year was 434; admitted during the year, 353; discharged, 157; number remaining at the end of the year, 530.

The number of pupils at the Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, during the year, was 125, of whom 103 were in the deaf and dumb and 22 in the blind department. The amount asked for the support of the institution in 1877 is $28,000, and an appropriation of $40,000 is called for to complete the buildings.

The Reform School had 139 inmates at the close of the year.

An Inebriate Asylum has been organized, and a farm of 160 acres purchased at Rochester for the sum of $9,000, on which buildings are to be speedily erected.

The Home for Soldiers' Orphans contained 59 inmates at the end of the year.

The whole number of school-districts in the State is 3,581; number of school-houses, 3,119; value of school-houses, $2,763,464; number of scholars enrolled, 151,866. The permanent school-fund of the State is $3,390,000, and there are school-lands enough, if sold at prices equal to those heretofore obtained, to swell it to $26,000,000. The State has three normal 46,030 schools: one at Winona, with an average attendance during the year of 302; one at Man476,232 kato, with an attendance of 140; and one at St. 623.740 Cloud, with 165. The State University is in a 624.023 flourishing condition, and had about 300 stu882,022 dents during the year.

25,551

566,479
141,360

169,028

79,879 691,557

641,929

4,189 93,678 2,079,563 1,169,072 $6,000,968

The total operating expenses of these roads during the year were $4,182,140, leaving the carnings over operating expenses $1,798,424.

The number of insurance companies doing business in the State is 86; total assets, $94,023,234.41; liabilities, $68,791,025.79. Only two of these companies were organized in the State. The total amount paid by citizens of the State for insurance, in 1875, was $1,027,699.67; losses paid in the State for the same year, $422,362.12.

The penal and charitable institutions of the State have all been built up in the last ten years. The amount expended for buildings is as follows:

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The eighteenth annual session of the Legislature began on the 4th of January, and came to a close on the 6th of March. There were 404 acts passed, a large portion of which related to the powers and privileges of counties, towns, and cities, or were in amendment of existing statutes. Very few acts were of any general interest or importance. Three amendinents of the constitution were proposed. One of these changed Article IV., section 11, so as to give the Governor the power to veto separate items in appropriation bills without withholding his approval from the rest. Another modified Article VI., section 3, so as to authorize the Governor to assign one or more judges of district courts to act on the supreme bench when all or a majority of the judges of the Supreme Court shall from any cause be disqualified from sitting in any case. The third affected Article X., section 5, and declared that each stockholder in a corporation should be "liable only for all unpaid installments on stock owned by him, or transferred for the purpose of defrauding creditors." An act was passed conferring upon women twenty-one years of age and upward, who have resided in the United States one year, and in the State four

months, the right to "vote at elections for school officers and in matters pertaining to the management of schools." Women so entitled to vote are also declared to be "eligible to hold any office pertaining solely to the management of public schools." An act providing for limited divorce gives the district courts and courts of Common Pleas authority to decree separation from bed and board forever or for a limited time, on the complaint of a married woman, if she and her husband are inhabitants of the State, if the marriage was solemnized in the State, and the woman resides there when exhibiting her complaint, or if the marriage was solemnized elsewhere, but both parties have resided in the State one year, the

SEAL OF THE STATE O

ATE OF MINNESOTA

STATE SEAL OF MINNESOTA.

causes for which such separation can be decreed being cruel and inhuman treatment by the husband, such conduct on his part as makes it unsafe or improper for the wife to cohabit with him, and abandonment by the husband and refusal or neglect to provide for the wife. An act was passed to regulate the storage of grain, providing for the rights of the owner to have his property kept separate, and to retain his control and ownership. Another act provided for the creation of safety-funds by fireinsurance companies as security against losses by extraordinary conflagrations. Companies are authorized but not required to create guarantee surplus funds and special-reserve funds out of the surplus of profits over and above ten per cent. of the capital stock. Once they have filed with the Insurance Commissioner an intention to create such funds, they cannot declare dividends of more than ten per cent. until the guarantee and special funds shall be equal to the whole capital stock. These funds must be invested as security against extraordinary losses. A general act was passed regulating the organization of mining and manufacturing companies. Solitary imprisonment, except for prison discipline, was abolished. Provision was made for the inspection of illuminating oils manufactured from petroleum, and for the punishment of adulteration or the sale of dan

gerous compounds. Among the appropriations was one reimbursing counties for money paid out as bounties for the destruction of grasshoppers, amounting in the aggregate to some $39,000.

A convention of the Republicans of the State was held at St. Paul, on the 24th of May, for the purpose of choosing delegates to the National Convention of the party, and nominating candidates for presidential electors. Lieutenant-Governor Wakefield presided. Ex-Governor Alexander Ramsey was chosen to head the delegation to the National Convention, and ex-Governor Davis, ex-Governor Miller, General Edgerton, C. K. Kinsett, and L. Bogen, were nominated for electors. The following platform was adopted:

The Republicans of Minnesota hereby reaffirm those great principles of free government which were declared by the fathers of the republic one hundred years ago, and whose final triumph in our day has been consecrated by the sacrifices of the late war. We are in favor of the unity and constitutional rights of the States, and of every citizen thereof; the preservation of the great results achieved by the war, the grateful recognition of the service of defenders of the republic in the hour of its supreme peril; thorough retrenchment and reform in every branch of public service; the fearless and uncompromising exposure of corruption and malfeasance in office; pure, honest, and efficient government; the preservation untarnished of the national credit; hard money or its equivalent; paper convertible into coin; the education of every child within the borders of the republic, and a thorough system of common schools, absolutely free from sectarian or partisan bias.

We believe the sublime mission of the Republican party, in the spirit and language of the martyr President, is that a government of the people, for the people, and by the people, should not perish from the earth; and therefore, without regard to past difference or dead issues, we earnestly and cordially invite all who believe the administration of the Government should not be confided to the men who through years of bloodshed strove to destroy it, and who seek an economical administration by thorough and capable officials, to unite with us in fraternal and considerate cooperation for the accomplishment of these great ends.

We emphatically condemn the treachery of every official who is faithless to his trust, and approve the injunction of President Grant, to "let no guilty man escape," and recognize a vigorous prosecution of all reforms which tend to purify the civil service and elevate the character of the Government as the supreme duty of the hour.

The Republicans of Minnesota expect and demand of their delegates in the National Convention to support the candidate for the presidency whose character and history shall afford the strongest guarantee of his courage, ability, and zeal, to carry forward the great work of purification, until corrupt men and systems shall alike be discarded from the Government.

The following additional resolution was adopted, with only three dissenting votes:

Resolved, That we recognize in Jaines G. Blaine, of Maine, a man of tried integrity, of uncompromising loyalty, of commanding ability, both as a leader and a fearless, unfaltering advocate and defender of given undying lustre to the party of which he is tothe principles which have preserved the Union, and day the most admired representative, and we take pleasure in recording the fact that he has Minnesota's

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proud preference for the office of President of the United States; and while we pledge ourselves to cordially support any pure Republican whom the Cincinnati Convention may nominate, we nevertheless express it as our conviction that no other candidate will develop the enthusiasm, or call out the number of votes that would be polled by the American people for the noble champion of their rights, their liberties, and their honor.

The Democratic State Convention was held at St. Paul, on the 1st of June. Ten delegates were chosen to the National Convention at St. Louis, and Edmund Rice, J. F. Meagher, Joseph Capser, Richard A. Jones, and W. T. Bonnewell, were nominated for presidential electors. The following declarations were adopted as expressive of the principles and sentiments of the party in this State:

1. We accept and will uphold the Constitution of the United States in all its parts.

2. The powers of the Federal Government are limited by the Constitution, and should never be transcended.

3. Union of the States is perpetual, and the right of local government in the several States is affirmed. 4. The public credit should be maintained at any and every cost.

5. Gold and silver coin is the only legal tender contemplated by the Constitution, and resumption of specie payments, as soon as the business interests of the country will permit, is the only policy consistent with a high regard for the public faith.

6. We reaffirm the unwavering position of the Democratic party that a tariff for protection is of the nature of class legislation, and is oppressive and unjust, and that a tariff for revenue is only admissible when it is indispensable to provide means to defray the ordinary expenses of the Government, and to meet its obligations.

7. Retrenchment in every branch of the Federal, State, and local Government is demanded, that the burden of taxation may be diminished.

8. The peculation and appropriation of public funds to private or partisan uses merit, and should be visited by, prompt and severe penalties.

9. The most rigid accountability should be exacted

of all persons intrusted with the custody and dis

bursement of public funds, and the use of money in influencing votes should be punished as a flagrantly criminal offense.

10. Public schools free to all.

11. Equal and exact justice to all men; no partial

legislation; no partial taxation.

12. Reform in all departments of the Federal Government, which can only be accomplished by the displacement from power of the Republican party, We arraign that political organization before the people as directly responsible for the demoralized and disgraceful condition of the public service, which brings shame to the face of every honest citizen; for shielding offenders from just and long-deserved punishment; for contemptuous disregard of the plain provisions of the Constitution; for repeated violations of the rights of States guaranteed by that instrument; for the innumerable thieveries of Belknap, and most of the minor criminals; for the decay and almost destruction of our commercial mariue; for the inefficient state of our navy, upon which countless millions of the public money have been squandered; and for the absurd and vicious legislation of the past fifteen years, which has unsettled values of all property, and has culminated in the depression of business that has brought disaster and ruin upon so many of our citizens.

Cordially inviting the cooperation of honest men of all shades of political opinion, we pledge the Democratic party of Minnesota to work unceasingly

and earnestly for the overthrow of the dominant party, which by its acts of omission and commission has wrought so much dishonor and so many evils upon all classes of our countrymen.

After considerable discussion, the following resolution was adopted by a vote of 120 to 74:

Resolved, That in Governor Samuel J. Tilden we recognize the representative reformer of the times, and believe that his nomination for President will be forms for which our party is earnestly striving, and the best course of the Democracy to secure the rewhich are so essential to the very life of our nation.

The Prohibitionists of the State held a convention on the 7th of June, at St. Paul, and nominated candidates for presidential electors. A long series of resolutions was adopted, setting forth the evils of intemperance, and the corrupt influences of the liquor interest in politics, demanding retrenchment and economy, and favoring woman-suffrage. The following views were also expressed regarding financial questions:

6. That it is the duty of the General Government to establish post-office savings-banks, similar to those of Great Britain, where laboring-men and women may deposit their surplus earnings without the danger of losing them.

7. That it is the duty of Congress to repeal the act of January 14, 1875, promising a resumption of specie payments at a time when resumption will be pracwould induce Congress to set apart a portion of the tically impossible, and that a true financial policy specie derived from import duties for the gradual redemption of greenbacks.

8. The separation of the money of the Government from all banking institutions. The national Government only should exercise the high prerogative of issuing paper-money, and that should be subject to prompt redemption on demand, in gold and silver, the only equal standards of value recognized by the civilized world.

At the election on the 7th of November there were 124,294 votes cast for presidential electors. Of these the Hayes and Wheeler ticket received 72,962, Tilden and Hendricks 48,799, Cooper and Cary 2,389, and Smith and Stewart 144. The Republican majority was 21,630. The three members of Congress elected were all Republicans. In the Second District there was a "Greenback" candidate, who received 2,879 votes, the Republican candidate having 19,730, and the Democrat 14,990. The Legislature of 1877 consists of 26 Republicans and 15 Democrats in the Senate, and 77 Republicans and 29 Democrats in the House. This gives the Republicans a majority of 11 in the Senate, 48 in the House, and 59 on joint ballot.

A vote was taken at the election on the three amendments to the constitution submitted by the Legislature. That to section 11, Article IV., relating to the Governor's veto, was ratified by 47,302 votes in its favor to 4,426 against it; that to section 3, Article X., concerning the liability of stockholders, was rejected, 21,721 votes being cast for it, and 22,803 against it; that to section 3, Article VI., relating to an assignment of judges, was ratified by a vote of 41,069 to 6,063.

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