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ways. The remaining £2,640,000 was to be raised in England by the Secretary of State. No loan was to be raised in India, and no fresh taxation was intended for the year 1876-77. The cash balances in India at the end of 1875'76 were estimated at £16,243,214, and at the end of 1876-77 at £13,552,614. The budget showed all branches of the revenue to be favorable. The receipts from customs duties have increased since the new tariff act came into operation, but the fall in the rate of exchange caused an estimated loss of over £1,000,000. The Government resolved to restrict the expenditure on public works as far as possible while exchange continued unfavorable. The drawings of the Secretary of State on the Indian Treasury during the ensuing financial year were to amount to £13,500,000, and the loss by exchange was estimated at £2,300,000.

In September the Viceroy published a resolution in council, the principal points of which are as follows:

The budget announced that the Secretary of State would borrow £2,640,000 in England. This now appears the estimate of the cost in rupees of supplying the sum still remaining to be raised by the Counexchange to be largely in excess of the budget esticil bills on India, but he expects the entire loss by mate. The adverse rate of exchange has made this insufficient, and the home loan will be £4,000,000. The sum to be supplied to the Home Treasury from India will thus be reduced to £12,300,000, of which £3,344,134 has been already obtained. The Government cannot form an approximate estimate of the unfavorable effect on the customs revenue. The unprecedentedly large opium-crop in Bengal will probably cause the expenditure under the head of "opium" to exceed the estimate by £500,000. The increased amount borrowed will increase the charge for interest. The resolution went on to say that the financial prospects gave cause for very grave anxiety.

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The local governments and heads of departments have been instructed to stop all outlay which is not absolutely necessary, or to which the Government is not committed, or a discontinuance of which would not cause a disproportionate loss. The expenditure on extraordinary public works will be largely reduced. Municipal corporations, native states, and private persons, are warned not to apply for loans except for purposes which cannot be postponed. New expenditure will not be sanctioned unless it is really indispensable. The Viceroy invites the earnest cooperation of local governments and heads of departments in reducing the threatened deficit by every possible means; and the resolution concluded by stating that the present financial disorder is entirely due to the recent rapid fall in the value of silver in relation to gold. It was considered remarkable that the resolution said nothing regarding any of the many suggestions which had been made for meeting the difficulty caused by the diminished value of the

rupee.

On August 19th Lord Lytton, the Viceroy, published the following proclamation, with regard to the assumption of the title "Empress of India" by the Queen of Great Britain and ireland:

I hereby publish, for the information of the governors, administrators, princes, chiefs, nobles, and peoples of this empire, the subjoined act passed by the Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland, on the 27th of April, 1876, together with a royal proclamation, dated at the court of Windsor, the 28th of April, 1876, in the thirty-ninth year of her Majesty's reign, transmitted to this Government by the most Honorable the Secretary of State for India, in his lordship's dispatch No. 70, of the 13th of July, 1876. Moreover, I publicly notify, under this my hand and seal, that it is my intention to hold, at Delhi, on the 1st of January, 1877, an imperial assemblage, for the purpose of proclaiming to the Queen's subjects throughout India the gracious sentiments which have induced her Majesty to make to her sovereign style and titles an addition specially intended to mark her Majesty's interest in this great dependency of her crown, and her royal confidence in the loyalty and affection of the peoples and princes of India. To this assemblage I propose to invite the governors, lieutenant-governors, and heads of administrations from all parts of the Queen's Indian dominions, as well as those princes, chiefs, and nobles, in whose persons the antiquity of the past is associated with the prosperity of the future, and who so worthily contribute to the splendor and stability of this great empire. I shall forthwith

issue such orders in council as may be suitable to the historical importance of the occasion, and in conformity with the desire which will be felt by all her Majesty's subjects in India to manifest the affection which they cherish for their august sovereign by public rejoicings and appropriate demonstrations of loyalty.

In the latter part of November the Viceroy made a journey to the Peshawur frontier. He reviewed four thousand troops, and held a durbar of all the chiefs of the British districts on the Peshawur frontier, and met various chiefs of the Afreedee and Momund tribes. While at Peshawur the Viceroy commenced his inquiries into the measures necessary for the reorganization of the frontier in a personal interview with the Lieutenant-Governor, the commander-in-chief, and the superior local

officials.

The troubles in the Malay Peninsula continued during 1876. Brigadier-General Ross, with one hundred and eighty men, proceeded, on January 4th, to Kotah Lama, a village on the Perak River, and disarmed the inhabitants without opposition. Accompanied by a small party, the general afterward again landed, and was surprised by the enemy in an ambuscade in the jungle. The Malays, after a harmless volley, rushed out upon the British force with their spears. Major H. L. Hawkins and three men were killed, and Surgeon Townsend and two men wounded. The village, with its stores of rice, was subsequently burned. Several Malays were killed. This village had always had a bad reputation. The abode of robbers

actual murderers of Mr. Birch, the English resident at Perak, were captured. One of them made a complete confession, stating that nine men had perpetrated the murder, and gave their names. In March the chief Datu Sagor, who was present when Mr. Birch was murdered, was captured, while Ismael and several other Malay chiefs surrendered to the Rajah of Quedah, who handed them over to the British. New disorders were reported in March and April, but at the close of April everything was quiet, and the rebellion was suppressed.

The inhabitants of the Naga Hills, who had been punished for outrages committed on surveying-parties in 1875, again attacked a surveying-party under Captain Butler in the early part of 1876, for which they were again severely punished.

The river Leh, in the Punjaub, owerflowed its banks in August, and destroyed over three hundred houses in the cities Reavul Pindi and Sudder Bazaar.

In the early part of December a Mohammedan meeting of sympathy with the Turks was held in the Colvotollah Mosque, Calcutta, at which 10,000 persons were present. After prayers for the Queen and the Sultan, the memorial to the Queen which had been prepared by the committee was read, adopted, and signed. The proceedings were most orderly, and marked by much earnestness.

In Baroda, Sadash Rao, the nephew of the deposed Guicowar, laid claim to the throne,

GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AND OCHTERLONY MONUMENT, CALCUTTA.

and escaped prisoners, its name had always been a terror to the neighboring districts, and a disgrace to the Bandahara of Perak, who possessed authority to control the inhabitants of this village. But he neither had the power nor did he show any inclination to exercise a proper control, and its destruction gave general satisfaction. In February three of the

and attempted to incite

a rebellion, for which he was, in February, banished from the coun try. In April an agrarian outbreak occurred at Bustar, in the presidency of Madras. Thousands of peasants had assembled, but the troops which were immediately dispatched to the scenes of the disorder succeeded in restoring quiet before the close of the month.

Different parts of India were visited during 1876 by the plague and the cholera, the diseases appearing in most places with terrible severity. In the latter part of the year large districts in Bombay and Madras were threatened with famine, through the failure of the crops on account of excessive drought. Large quanti ties of grain were sent to the distressed districts by the Bombay Government; but the collectors were directed not to distribute gratuitous alms except in cases of extreme neces sity, and, as far as possible, to exact a fair day'a

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labor on the relief-works. In the Deccan, in addition to the failure of the crops, extreme dearth of water and fodder was expected. In the Madras districts rain came in time for a partial relief.

On October 31st the delta of the Ganges was visited by the most destructive cyclone known in history. On the evening of the terrible event there were no extraordinary signs of the approach of the storm. At eleven o'clock the wind freshened, but nothing unusual was seen in this. Suddenly, about midnight, a mighty wave was seen, and in the next instant houses and land were engulfed, and masses of human beings and débris of all sorts were swept away on the top of the flood. The flood extended for many miles inland. The cyclone and stormwave appeared to have expended their fury on the districts of Backergunge, Noacolly, and Chittagong; and a glance at the map will show

how probable it is that a storm-wave occurring in that region could not fail to do immense destruction. The district is honeycombed and broken up with rivers in all parts of the Gangetic Delta; and some of these rivers, such as the Ganges and the Megus, carry powerful floods of water to the bay of Bengal. The consequences of a tidal wave must therefore be tremendous in these districts, because not only does such a wave pour out upon the land its own waters, but by rushing up the great rivers it rolls their floods back, and these, rising rapidly, must burst over the surrounding country, and carry destruction with them. The total area of the inundated districts was about 4,000 square miles-Backergunge, with the island of Dukhin Shahbazpoor, possessing 1,813 square miles; Noacolly, 900 square miles; and Chittagong, nearly 400 square miles. Sir Richard Temple, after a personal inspection

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of the afflicted districts, at the instance of the Government, came to the conclusion that not less than 215,000 people had been lost; and this fatality is distributed as follows among the Deltaic provinces: Backergunge, possessing a population of 437,000, lost a fourth of that number; Noacolly, with a population of 403,000, lost 90,000; and Chittagong, with a population of 222,000, lost 20,000. Thus, out of a grand total population of 1,062,000, 215,000 people were estimated to have perished! Besides the loss of human life, large numbers of animals, both domestic and wild, were drowned.

A convention representing the Sundayschools of India was held at Allahabad, January 19th. Chairmen were chosen for the different days, from the different denominations represented in the meeting. A number of papers were read on subjects pertaining to the

interest, growth, and improvement of Sundayschools, several of them having especial reference to the adaptation of the schools to the wants and customs of the people of India. A Sunday-school Union of India was organized, and the churches of the country not represented in the convention, as well as those which were so represented, were invited to join in carrying on the legitimate work of such an organization. An executive committee was appointed, and instructed to labor for obtaining the adhesion of the different Sundayschools in India to the Indian Sunday-school Union, and for the formation of auxiliary unions in Bengal, Madras, Bombay, Burmah, the Northwest Provinces, Oude, the Central Provinces, and the Punjaub. Arrangements were made for establishing a monthly periodical in the English language, for the use of teachers and Sunday-school workers in India,

to be called the Indian Sunday-School Journal. The first number of this periodical was issued a few weeks after the adjournment of the convention. A resolution protesting against the custom of child-marriage was adopted, and it was decided that the subject be brought more prominently before the Indian public. A second meeting of the convention was appointed to be held in 1878, the exact date and place to be hereafter arranged. Statistics of the existing Sunday schools in India were presented, of which the following is a summary:

CLASSIFICATION.

I. CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS:
1. English-speaking.
2. Anglo-vernacular..
8. Vernacular..

II. NON-CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS:

1. Anglo-vernacular. 2. Vernacular.

Total.....

No. of Sunday-
Schools.

No. of Officers
and Teachers.

No. of Scholars of all Ages.

No. of Bible

Classes.

No. of Scholars

in Same.

74 463 4,242 74 666
23 114 1,515

50

35

21 133 3,395 26 141 266 5,804) 47

521

420

617 1751 82,181 632 7,491

second baron, the new Viceroy of India, was born November 8, 1831. His father was the eminent novelist and statesman, who held office as Secretary for the Colonies in the second administration of the late Lord Derby, and was created a peer in 1866. The present baron was educated first at Harrow, and afterward at Bonn, in Germany, where he devoted himself especially to the study of modern languages. He entered the diplomatic service of the crown when nearly eighteen years of age, and on the 12th of October, 1849, was appointed attaché at Washington, where his uncle, Sir Henry Bulwer, afterward Lord Dalling and Bulwer, was the British minister, and to whom he acted for the time as private secretary. In February, 1862, he was transferred as attaché to Florence, and in August, 1854, was removed to the embassy at Paris. After the peace of 1856 he was promoted to 858 805 17,175, 435 5,272 be paid attaché at the Hague. On the 1st of April, 1858, he received the appointment of first paid attaché at St. Petersburg, and two 612 months later was filling a similar post at ConWhile paid attaché at Vienna, stantinople. he acted as consul-general at Belgrade, and was also employed upon a special mission to prevent the renewal of hostilities between the Turks and the Servians after the capital of the latter had been bombarded. As a recognition of his services in this capacity, he was, in October, 1862, gazetted second secretary in her Majesty's diplomatic service, and was soon after promoted to be secretary of legation at Constantinople; afterward occupying a like position at Athens, and then at Lisbon. Having assisted in the negotiation of a commercial treaty between Great Britain and Austria, he was transferred to Madrid, and six months later was promoted to the secretaryship of embassy at Vienna. More recently he has been secretary of embassy at Paris, and British minister at Lisbon. In May, 1875, he was offered the generalship of Madras, then vacant by the death of Lord Hobart, but declined that post; and in January, 1876, was appointed Viceroy of India. He wrote "The Wanderer," "Lucille," "Julian Fane-a Memoir," a collection of the national songs of Servia, "The Ring of Amasis," the poetical works of "Owen Meredith," "Chronicles and Characters," "Orval; or, The Fool of Time," "Fables of Song," and published the speeches of his father, the first Lord Lytton, with a prefatory memoir.

The total number of scholars, fifteen years old and over, was 10,907; number of scholars under fifteen, except the infant-classes, 12,025; number of scholars in the infant-classes, 4,187; average attendance of teachers and scholars, 22,064; number of officers and teachers who are church-members, 1,554; number of scholars who are church-members, 7,819; number of conversions, 542; number of library-books, 8,950; number of English periodicals taken, 3,053; total expenses of the schools during the year, 6,804 rupees.

NORTHBROOK, THOMAS GEORGE BARING, Earl of, was born in 1826. He received his education at Christchurch, Oxford. He was successively private secretary to the late Lord Taunton at the Board of Trade, to Sir George Grey at the Home Office, to the present Lord Halifax at the Indian Board, and at the Admiralty until 1857, when he was returned to the House of Commons for the united boroughs of Penrhyn and Falmouth, and this constituency he continued to represent in the Liberal interest until his succession to the peerage on the death of his father in the autumn of 1866. He was a Lord of the Admiralty from May, 1857, to the return of the Conservatives to power in 1858; Under-Secretary of State for India from June, 1859, to January, 1861; and Under-Secretary of State for War from the latter date until the Liberals went out of office in June, 1866. Upon the formation of Mr. Gladstone's administration in December, 1868, Lord Northbrook resumed office as Under-Secretary of State for War; and when Lord Mayo was assassinated in February, 1872, he was appointed Governor-General of India. Upon his resignation from this office in 1876,

he was created an earl.

LYTTON, EDWARD Robert Bulwer-LYTTON,

INDIANA. The assessed value of taxable lands and improvements in Indiana is $621416,973; railroads, $338,436,919; telegraph companies, $173,241; other corporations, $4. 045,503; personal property, $233,667.147; total taxable property, $1,197,769,783. There are 282,391 persons in the State subject to a poll-tax of 50 cents. At the beginning of the last fiscal period of two years, November 1, 1874, there was a surplus in the Treasury of $244,203.78; the receipts from revenue, in 1875, were $1,393,029.78; in 1876, $1,277,

678.73. During the same period $334,042.55 was received on account of the benevolent institutions, being derived from the earnings of inmates and the contributions of counties. During these two years the payments from the Treasury amounted to $2,408,718.25, besides $73,679 in redemption of bonds. The State debt now amounts to $1,097,755.12, consisting of $510,000 six per cent. bonds, due April 1, 1879; $200,000 six per cent. bonds, due December 1, 1879; $200,000 seven per cent. bonds, due April 1, 1878; $139,000 six per cent. war-loan bonds, due in 1881; $29,000 old bonds, required to be redeemed under the act of 1872; $16,469.99 five per cent. certificates of State stock, and $3,285.13 two and a half per cent. certificates. The indebtedness of the State to the school-fund amounts to $3,904,783.21, and consists of five per cent. non-negotiable bonds; the common-school fund held by the counties amounted to $2,523,988.33 in June, and the congressional township schoolfund was $2,442,100.89, making the total permanent fund for educational purposes $8,870,872.43. The revenues to be used in support of the schools realized during the year ending June 30th amounted to $3,174,156.77. There are 9,434 schoolhouses in the State, valued at $11,548,993.67. The number of teachers employed is 13,411, of whom 13,317 are white and 94 colored -7,852 male and 5,559 female. The number of children enrolled in the schools during the year was 516,270, of whom 509,307 were white and 6,963 colored. The total number of children of school age in the State was 668,969 whites and 10,261 colored, or 679,230 in all. The average number of school days in the year ending August 31st was 129.

The number of children provided for in the Soldiers' Orphans' Home dur

proved, 105 not improved, and two not insane. The expenses of the institution for two years were $290,033.24. A new and extensive building, consisting of six distinct hospitals connected by towers, is in process of construction. On the 15th of December the Northern Prison contained 603 convicts, an increase during the year of 92. The revenues of the prison for two years amounted to $145,712.59, no part of which came from the State Treasury. The ordinary expenses during the same period were $130,059.16. The prisoners are let out to labor on contracts at 45 cents each per day. The average number of convicts in the Southern Prison during the year was 531. The contract for labor with the Southwestern Car Company at 60 cents per day for each prisoner was canceled near the beginning of the year on account of the bankruptcy of the company. New contracts entered into since have been on the basis of 45 cents per day for each pris

oner.

The political canvass of the year opened early with the Republican Convention, which was held at Indianapolis on the 22d of February. Delegates to the National Convention were chosen and candidates nominated for

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PURDUE UNIVERSITY BUILDING, LAFAYETTE.

ing the year was 294. There were 303 inmates in the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at the close of the year. The expenses of this institution for the year ending March 31st were $63,553.66. The number of pupils in the Institute for the Blind during the year ending October 31st was 106. The expenditures for two years were $65,518.36.

The Hospital for the Insane contained 482 patients on the 1st of November, 1874. During the two years following 927 were admitted and 696 discharged, leaving the number at the close of that period 713. The number of deaths was 47 in 1875, and 79 in 1876. Of those discharged 516 were recovered, 50 im

presidential electors as well as for the State offices to be filled in October. The State ticket was as follows: Governor, Godlove S. Orth; Lieutenant-Governor, Robert E. Robertson; Secretary of State, Isaiah P. Watts; Auditor, William M. Hess; Treasurer, George F. Herriott; Attorney-General, Jonathan W. Gordon; Judges of the Supreme Court, W. P. Edson, A. C. Vorhis, John F. Kibby, and H. C. Newcomb; Reporter of the Supreme Court, L. S. Miller; Clerk of the Supreme Court, Charles Schull; Superintendent of Public Instruction, Oliver H. Smith. The declaration of principles adopted consisted of twenty-one resolutions. The first expressed fidelity to the

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