dian-Office made an interesting exhibit of Indian curiosities, and of the Indian policy of the Government. There were also exhibits of the Education-Office, the Census-Office, and the Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. The Smithsonian Institution exhibited a very extensive and complete collection to illustrate the animal resources of the United States. Besides a comprehensive display of the land and water fauna, there was also a full collection of hunting and fishing implements, including those used by the Indians, and a very interesting chronological exhibit of fire-arms. The modes of utilizing animals for food and other purposes were also exhibited. Supplementary to this exhibit was the collection to illustrate the fishery resources of the United States, comprising casts of all the inhabitants of American waters, angling tackle of every description, fishing-boats, whaling-implements, etc. There were other collections to illustrate the ethnology and the mineral resources of the United States. The Treasury Department exhibited the workings of the revenue system, the processes of engraving and printing paper currency, etc. The Coast Survey had an exhibit. The Lighthouse Board exhibited specimens of the different lights and methods of tending them, including a wonderfully brilliant rotary lantern, stationary parabolic reflectors, floating lamps, etc. The Navy Department made an extensive exhibit, embracing the ordnance used in the service, with the means of handling, inspecting, and repairing the different kinds of torpedoes, the publications of this branch of the service, and an historical display of the uniforms of the navy; besides two marine engines, one of 800-horse power, a compound screw-engine, and a back-acting condensing engine of 500-horse power. The Navigation Branch exhibited specimens of flags and bunting, different kinds of logs, and sounding and signaling apparatus, mathematical instruments, etc. The Naval Observatory made an exhibit of its operations and the instruments employed, and of a collection of relics of the different arctic expeditions. The Hydrographic and Nautical Almanac Offices exhibited charts and documents. The Yard and Dock Branch exhibited plans of all the navy-yards, machinery, buildings, etc. The Equipment and Recruiting, Construction and Repair, Medical and Surgical, and Pay, Provision, and Clothing Branches also exhibited their methods and equipments. The exhibit of the War Department was also extensive, illustrating every branch of the service. The Signal Service exhibited all its appliances in operation, a weather-station fully equipped, with a full corps of observers, and recording, telegraphic, and printing apparatus. The self-acting electric barometer or barograph, Hough's thermograph, the marine barometer, Eccard's evapograph, Gibbon's electrical rain and snow gauge, Eccard's rain-gauge, and Gibbon's anemograph, and the military signal apparatus, formed a collection

which reflected great credit upon American ingenuity. The Engineer Corps displayed all the methods and apparatus used in harbor improvements, and the engineering operations connected with the military service, with all the mechanical apparatus employed. There was also a full display of military ordnance, with an historical collection of weapons, and plans of forts and arsenals, models illustrating the manufacture of arms, and all the belongings of the service. Separate buildings connected with the Government display were the ordnance laboratory, showing the manufacture of cartridges and dangerous explosive ammunition; a post hospital with all its furniture and chirurgical instruments and medical supplies; the building containing a siren or fog signal-horn; and a model of a lighthouse with lamps and fog-bell complete.

The Horticultural Hall, built of iron and glass, in the Moorish style of the twelfth century, was erected at the cost of the city, and designed to remain permanently. It is 383 feet long by 193 feet wide, with an altitude in its central part of 72 feet. It overlooks the Schuylkill River, and is approached by ornamental terraces and broad stairways. The central lantern is 170 feet long. Side-portions, with curved glazed roofs, were used as forcing-houses. The central portion was filled with splendid specimens of tropical vegetation, with sago, date, and cocoa palms, orange and lemon trees, the fan-palm, the guava, camphor and India-rubber trees, the eucalyptus of antiseptic properties, the mahogany-tree, bananas, and all varieties of the cactus. In the side-portions were an immense collection of tree-ferns, rare flowering plants from England, azalias from Belgium, pitcher-plants of the South Sea Islands, the flamingo-plant, etc. Around the Horticultural Building about 25 acres were laid out in beds and terraces, and planted with all kinds of hardy flowering plants, indigenous and foreign. The Pacific Guano Company, of Boston, exhibited the extraordinary properties of their fertilizer in a luxuriant plantation. One of the finest features of the horticultural display was the collection of rhododendrons from the Knapp Hill Nurseries, in England. All kinds of gardeners' tools, and the different methods of culture and styles of landscape-gardening, were included in the horticultural exhibition.

The Agricultural Building was less solidly built of wood and glass, containing a nave and three transepts, roofed with Gothic arches, the nave being 820 feet long and 75 feet high, and the side-transepts 70 feet high, while the central one had the same height as the nave. The ground covered was rectangular in form, 10 acres in area, having a breadth of 540 and a length of 820 feet. The display of agricultural implements and products was the largest ever made, and it was specially by this department that the Exhibition was distinguished from the other World's Fairs. The Americans, standing far in advance of all the rest of the world in the application of mechanics to agriculture, exhibited proudly the finest products of their skill. Ploughs of the latest approved patterns, drills, seed-planters, horse-rakes, hay loading and baling machines, mowers and har

AGRICULTURAL HALL.

vesters of a hundred styles, thrashing machinery for horse and steam power, winnowing and wheat-cleaning machinery, portable steam-engines, corn-shellers, various devices for binding sheaves, lawn-clippers, steam road-rollers, mechanical churns, cider-mills, iron-work for farms and stables, a machine for making horseshoes, a self-loading excavator, windmills, and machinery for butchers and meat-packers, were prominent among the multiform contrivances which the immense discrepancy between the extent of tillable ground and the available labor in this country has prompted the quick brains of our ingenious men to invent. The display of the land-products and food-manufactures of the United States was very large, and, to most people, exceedingly interesting. Several of the States made collective exhibits. Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, exhibited splendid specimens of grain; Oregon exhibited grain, commercial woods, and dried fruits, among them the curious dried cider and solidified apple-sauce; New Hampshire sent fine samples of wool, and specimens of her native woods; Massachusetts exhibited the products of her fisheries, and the methods of capture and packing; California exhibited her woods, birds, and agricultural products, and a case of live silkWorms; the Cotton Exchange of New Orleans exhibited bales and samples of cotton; New Jersey and Delaware, Ohio, Nebraska, and Washington Territory, made collective exhibits of agricultural products; Connecticut and Massachusetts made like displays, the lat

ter State exhibiting, also, a collection of beneficial birds; Iowa had a large display of farmproductions, together with a collection of fruits, and specimens of her soils; Nevada exhibited her minerals. The wine-growers of California, Ohio, Missouri, and New York, made a promising show of native wines. The starch, flour, spice, gelatine, baking powder, mustard, chocolate, macaroni, and farina manufacturers had competitive exhibits of their productions. An exhibit of Southern moss, for upholstering purposes, came from New Orleans. An apparatus for hatching chickens attracted attention. Distillers and perfumers, hop-growers and maltsters, manufacturers of condensed milk and meat extracts, and canners of fruits, fish, meats, fowls, soups, shell-fish, vegetables, etc., were represented by varied displays. The exhibit of tobaccos, in the leaf and manufactured, was very large, all the principal manufacturers taking part.

The British exhibit in Agricultural Hall was imperfect, though containing some interesting classes, eminently the pickles, preserves, sauces, and extracts, including caffeine and theine; apiary furniture, a comprehensive exhibit of wools from all countries, ales, Irish whiskey and oatmeal, patent condensed tea and coffee, with milk; and, among the implements, portable engines and road locomotives, and a curious apparatus for suckling calves, lambs, and pigs.

Canada made an extensive display of agricultural products, her grains, roots, beans, peas, flour, and an exhibit of wool of remarkable length and fineness. There were also considerable displays of prepared foods, stuffed animals, and ingenious agricultural machinery, including a turnip-drill, snow-ploughs, and other novelties.

The most prominent and interesting group in the French section was that of the wines. Other attractive displays were the seeds and photographed flowers and vegetables, Strasburg pies, and other fine preparations of food, chocolate, cheese, etc., tanned leather, silk-cocoons, artificial manures, cements, hydraulic lime, and artificial stone.

The Germans exhibited their wines and liquors, essences and extracts, beers, tobacco, and some fine wool from Silesia. The general agricultural productions of the country were not exhibited in any way.

The Austro-Hungarian display included raisins and dried fruits, beer, and mustards, from Bohemia; excellent wine, wool, flax, and hemp, from Hungary; with fruits, nuts, and grains, from different parts of the empire; candied fruits put up in Vienna, leather from Austria and Bohemia, etc.

Italy exhibited hemp, leather, Piedmontese rice, oil, wine, sardines, fine soap, honey, grains, beans, nuts, and cordials; sausages and cured meats from Bologna, Parmesan and Gorgonzola cheese from Milan, macaroni and dried fruits from Naples and Sicily, and oranges,

lemons, olives, figs, essential oils, and licorice from Sicily, confections from Turin, etc.

Spain made a fine and systematic exhibition of her products, native and colonial. The collection of wines, fine wools, oil, skins, and Cordovan leather, and all the agricultural producvions of the peninsula, varied with the products of Spanish America and the Philippine Islands, great logs of mahogany and rosewood, festoons of tobacco and cases of cigars, chocolates, Manila hemp and cordage, and gums and resins, formed a well-arranged and pleasing exhibit. The Portuguese exhibit was scarcely less extensive and attractive, including her generous wines, olives, oils, silk-cocoons, fruits, spices, and many other products.

Belgium had a small exhibit of chiccory, chocolate, cordials, fine leathers, flax, wool, and millstones.

The Netherlands exhibited seeds, grains, plants, dye-woods, photographs of cattle, Edam cheese, flax, tobacco, liquors, beet-sugar, a flour which does not spoil, chocolate, fishing-implements, etc.

Norway exhibited leather, spirits, tobacco, essences, canned meats and fish, fishing-implements, and various sorts of preserved fish, stuffed birds, etc.

Sweden made a similar exhibit of her fisheries, and interesting displays of leather, woods, and grain, and one of dairy-utensils.

Denmark had a small exhibit, embracing punch, spirits, grain, pickles, fish, etc.

Russia sent fine specimens of grain and hemp, liquors, and food-preparations.

Japan made an interesting and curious exhibit of fishing and agricultural implements, silk-cocoons, skins, tea, tobacco, sauces, and all her native agricultural products and woods. Brazil had an extensive exhibit, in which the principal classes were cotton, coffee, woods of over one thousand varieties, sugar, tobacco, rubber, beans, vegetable fibres, silk-cocoons, gums and resins, cocoa, rice, and starch.

Venezuela exhibited her coffees, oils, balsams, rum and Angostura bitters, cochineal, and other tropical products.

The Argentine Confederation also made a large and interesting exhibit of woods, grains, tobacco, skins, leather, silk, gums, barks, sugar, coffee, chocolate, honey, etc.

Liberia took part in the agricultural exhibition, sending coffee of good quality, a newlyintroduced product in that country, with palmsoap and palin-oil, arrow-root, indigo, ivory, sugar, etc.

A wagon annex to the Agricultural Building contained a collection of farm wagons and carts, milk-carts, ice and bakers' wagons, etc., of American make.

Great Britain erected three buildings for the use and entertainment of the commissioners; and Germany, Portugal, and Brazil, each had a commissioners' pavilion. The British buildings were beautiful examples of the later Tudor architecture. The Swedish Government

exhibited a national school-house, with all the educational appliances and furniture complete. France had a Government building containing charts, drawings, and models of public works. Canada displayed her wood and lumber productions in a log and timber house, constructed from the products of her forests. Spain also erected a Government exhibition building, a soldiers' barracks, and a Cuban acclimation garden. Turkey illustrated her sponge-fisheries in a special building. Japan exhibited a model dwelling. Morocco had a Moorish villa for the display and sale of her productions. A frame building erected by Chili contained models of amalgamating machines. England had a boiler-house, and Sweden exhibited also a meteorograph. Three private French exhibitors erected special buildings.

In a Turkish cafe, of true Oriental type, an attractive Moresque pavilion, were dispensed mocha, mastic, Sarnian wine, and Syrian tobaeCO. A Tunisian bazaar and Algerine pavilion were less genuine speculative enterprises. Japanese merchants had erected one of the most tasteful structures on the grounds, much remarked as an example of Japanese architecture and joinery, surrounded by a little garden planted with curious specimens of their native vegetation, amid which were scattered quaint bronze figures of cranes and pigs : in this building a vast quantity of Japanese products and manufactures were sold by the brisk native salesmen among the crowds which thronged the shop during the whole time of the Exhibition. A New England farmer's home and kitchen, designed to present in contrast the furniture, domestic appliances, and mode of living in a Yankee dwelling a hundred years ago and those of the present day, was fitted out with many interesting relics in the ancient part of the double structure, and was eagerly and curiously visited.

Twenty-six buildings were erected by the States as State headquarters, two or three of them containing large exhibitions of State products. The Ohio headquarters, constructed of all the varieties of building-stone quarried in the State, was solidly built after a neat design. New Jersey's building exhibited her brick and tiling products. The Mississippi headquar ters was in the rustic style of her early settlers' cabins. The Connecticut building was neatly designed in the English style of architecture used in colonial days. Pennsylvania erected a building for her educational exhibit, besides the State headquarters: it was perhaps the most complete educational exhibit made by any State. The other State buildings were those of New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Virginia, West Virginia (whose building contained an exhibit of the vegetable and mineral products of the State, her woods, ores, coal, tobacco, marls, mineral manufactures, etc.), Maryland, Delaware, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missonri, Tennessee, Wisconsin, andArkansas (whose

headquarters likewise contained a collection of State products, including fine specimens of cotton). Kansas and Colorado united in a very full exhibition of their extraordinary agricultural and mineral products, in a large frame structure there were wheat-stalks from five to six and a half feet high, with heads three to six inches long; corn thirteen and a half feet high; broom-corn over eighteen feet high; rye and oats as luxuriant as the wheat; clover four and five feet high; blue-grass of over three feet growth; and fourteen different varieties of wild-grass, including the blue-stem prairie-grass, over ten feet high: there was also a fine display of the native woods of Kansas, one of the animals of both States, and a large exhibit of the gold-quartz, silver-ore, and other mineral resources of Colorado. California and Nevada also had a joint pavilion, containing an exhibit of their agricultural, forest, and mineral products.

Thirty or more buildings were erected by private American exhibitors, some of them ilInstrating processes and manufactures of great interest. The Telegraphic Building showed the practice of telegraphy and the appliances employed. The Empire Transportation Company showed the methods used in oil transportation and grain transportation by the fast-freight system. The Bankers' Building exhibited the forms and uses of coin and currency. The American Kindergarten and Froebel Kindergarten illustrated that system of infantile instruction, and exhibited the models and apparatus employed. The Bible Society had a pavilion for the exhibition and sale of Bibles. An other building exhibited the processes of manufacturing glass-ware. Others contained exhibits of stoves, glass, fusee-matches, chemical paints, printing-presses, organs, water-proof roofing, hollow-brick ventilated house-construction, pressed fuel, sheet-metal, Singer's sewing-machines, burial-caskets, perforated metallic window-shutters, and rubber roofing; and others exhibited the processes of baling hay, of making tea and coffee extracts, and of raising water by wind-power. An apiary contained many varieties of bees and hiving apparatus. The newspaper-advertisement bureaus exhibited the current journals of the country and files of old papers. Henry R. Worthington, of Brooklyn, exhibited two

FENYES, ALEXIUS, an Hungarian geographer and statistician, was born July 7, 1807, at Csokalj; died at New Pesth, July 23, 1876. After studying at Debreczin, Grosswardein, and Presburg, he became a lawyer in 1829, and in the following year was sent as a deputy to the Hungarian Diet. He subsequently spent several years in traveling, and in 1836 took up his permanent abode in Pesth. Here he occu

duplex pumping-engines, which raised about 2,000,000 gallons of water per day of twentyfour hours to an average height of 200 feet, furnishing the water supply for the Exhibition. The Shoe and Leather Building, erected by the shoe and leather trade, was a large and busy hall, in which all the processes connected with the leather-manufacture in all its branches were carried on in their fullest details, and all the latest and most perfect mechanisms invented for the manufacture of shoes and other leather goods were seen in operation. The Brewers' Industrial Exhibition Building illustrated quite as completely all the processes of malting and brewing. A butter and cheese factory showed the processes and mechanical appliances used in that industry. In the Campbell Printing-Press Building all the printing for the Exhibition was done, and numerous specialties in presses were exhibited. The famous Cook, of London, set up a pavilion in which excursion-tickets to all parts of the world were procurable. The process of driving piles by gunpowder, and the automatic railroad for unloading vessels, invented by Charles W. Hunt, of New York, were exhibited in special buildings. The Starr Iron-Works, of Camden, had a large exhibit, comprising several novelties in gas-machines and steam-engines.

The Exhibition was open to visitors every day, except Sundays, from May 10th to November 10th, six months. The total number of admissions was 9,910,966; of which number 7,250,620 paid the regular fee of 50 cents, and 753,654 the special rate of 25 cents; 1,906,692 admissions were free, representing the number of exhibitors', officers', and employés' tickets and complimentary passes to members of the press and others, used during the Fair. The total admissions for the different months were as follows: May, 502,995; June, 952,177; July, 906,447; August, 1,175,314; September, 2,439,689; October, 2,663,911; November, 1,037,840.

These numbers include the admissions to the stock exhibition, which was contained in a separate inclosure. It consisted of about 20 acres, in which, for some weeks toward the close of the Exhibition, a large collection of farmstock-sheep, goats, swine, and horned cattle, horses and dogs, for the most part from the United States and Canada-was exhibited.

pied a very prominent and respected position, becoming Director of the Society of Protection and Industry, President of the Radical Club, President of the Society of Agriculture, and editor of the Ismerto, a journal of agriculture, and of an industrial journal. His first great work, "The Present Condition of Hungary and its Dependencies in a Geographical and Statistical Point of View" (Pesth,