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CHRISTIAN CONNECTION. The Christian Almanac for 1877 gives a list of 1,263 ordained ministers of the Christian Connection in the United States and Canada, who are distributed by States as follows: Maine, 65; New Hampshire, 39; Vermont, 19; Massachusetts, 40; Rhode Island, 14; Connecticut, 2; New York, 156; New Jersey, 11; Pennsylvania, 66; Virginia, 10; West Virginia, 2; Kentucky, 9; Ohio, 228; Indiana, 194; Michigan, 62; Illinois, 105; Wisconsin, 36; Iowa, 128; Missouri, 27; Nebraska, 7; Kansas, 20; Canada, 23. The total number of unordained ministers is given as 328. The Register gives the following list of schools and seminaries of the Connection Union Christian College, Merom, Sullivan County, Ind., Rev. T. C. Smith, A. M., president, with six teachers; Antioch College, Antioch High School, and Ohio Free Normal School, Yellow Springs, Ohio, J. B. Weston, acting president; Weanbleau Christian Institute, Hickory County, Mo., Rev. J. Whitaker, B. S., principal, with three assistants; Proctor Academy, Andover, N. H., Rev. Alva H. Morrill, principal; the Eaton Family School, Middleboro', Mass., Amos H. Eaton, principal; the Christian Biblical Institute, Stanfordville, Dutchess County, N.Y.; Starkey Seminary, Eddytown, Yates County, N. Y., Prof. B. F. McHenry, A. M., principal, with six teachers. The publishing-house of this denomination is at Dayton, Ohio, and its newspaper organ, the Herald of Gospel Liberty, is printed there. No statistics are given of the number of church-members connected with the denomination.

CHRISTIAN UNION. The General Council of the Christian Union in the United States met at Providence Chapel, Hancock County, Ohio, May 31st. H. Ellis was chosen moderator. A resolution was adopted, providing that a General Council shall be held once in two years, at such times and places as shall be by itself determined, which council shall consist of all the members of the churches of Christ in the United States, and shall have supervision over the interests general and common to all the bodies represented. The following preamble and resolutions on union were adopted:

Whereas, It is our duty to God and man, from time to time, to define our position, that all may know why, as a body of Christians, we take our position outside of all denominations in laboring to secure unity and build up the cause of true religion; and

Whereas, Sectarianism has never been defined by men sustaining sects in its true light, or its evils seen by such in their real character; and

Whereas, No member of a sect, who justifies sects, can be in a position to put forth to the world the truth as to the evils of sectarianism and its remedy; and

Whereas, Religious organizations and religious thought shape society; and

Whereas, When the Church falls into great wrongs in theory or practice, society has lost its true light and balance-wheel, and is driven on into infidelity and corruption by the very power that should have led it to life, and steadied and guided its forces: therefore

Resolved, 1. That sectarianism is to separate into sections, or separate parts, what belongs together. 2. That all Christians in every place do belong together, and to separate them for any cause, or by

any means, is sectarianism.

3. That the genius and spirit of the gospel, as well as the letter of the Bible and the history of the primitive Church, proclaim the great but simple truth that the Christians of the place are rightfully, and, in fact, by divine ordination, the real visible church of the place.

4. That all the Christians, whether in or out of sects, are required by the life Christ has planted in them, and by the prayer of Jesus, and the teachings of the New Testament, and their love to Christ, and their love to each other, and their love for the salvation of men, to meet together, not to make a church, but to obey God, and do the duties of a church as taught in the gospel.

5. That all religious associations built upon a nar

rower basis than that which teaches and treats all the Christians of the place as equal brethren of the one church of the place, which present creeds, tests, and usages which exclude a part of the Christians of a place, are not built after the New Testament model, and have no claims to be regarded as churches of Christ, simply because they have Christians among them.

6. That the Church is a divine institution, is Godmade, is spiritual; not mechanical, not human, not man-made; and God alone can place members in his Church; and as every one who truly loveth is born

of God--and, therefore, a member of his Church-therefore it does not depend on our doctrinal views, baptism, votes, or enrollment, but on a loving and

obedient heart.

7. That the evils of sectarianism admonish us of the great importance of scattering light before the whole world on this subject, calling all Christians to repent of this sin, and put it away, and return to the primitive spirit and practice of the church gathering, as taught in the gospel.

The leading principles of the Christian Union (South) are set forth in the following extracts from the Declaration of Principles:

We may well afford to dispense with all those

doctrines and tenets which set the brethren at variance, and to take the following primary constitution as the groundwork of our organization, viz. :

1. The Lord Jesus Christ is the only head of the Church. The Pope of Rome, or any other pretending to be the head thereof, should be regarded as that man of sin and son of perdition who exalteth himself above all that is called God.

2. The name Christian is the only appellation needed or received by the Church. All party or sectarian names are excluded as being unnecessary, if not hurtful.

3. The Holy Bible, or the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is a sufficient rule of faith and practice.

4. Christian character, or vital piety, is a just, and should be the only, test of fellowship, or of churchmembership.

5. The right of private judgment and the liberty of conscience is a right and a privilege that should be accorded to, and exercised by, all.

CLIFFORD, JOHN H., was born in Providence, R. I., January 16, 1809; died at New Bedford, Mass., January 2, 1876. He graduated at Brown University in 1827, and began the practice of law in New Bedford, where he afterward resided. He soon entered upon an extensive practice, and attained the foremost position at the bar. He represented New Bedford in the Legislature in 1835, and was

subsequently President of the Senate. In 1849 he was appointed by Governor Briggs Attorney-General of the State, and in the course of his official duties conducted the prosecution of Prof. Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman. He continued to act as Attorney-General till 1853, when he was elected Governor. He was again Attorney-General from 1854 till 1858. In 1867 he retired from the legal profession, and became President of the Boston & Providence Railroad Company. In 1859 the degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by Brown University. For several years ex-Governor Clifford was President of the Board of Overseers of Harvard University.

COLERIDGE, Sir JOHN TAYLOR, a British lawyer and writer, born in 1790; died February 11, 1876. He was a nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. At Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he received his education, he was a fellow-student of Dr. Arnold. He was elected a Fellow of Exeter College in 1810, was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1819, going to the Western Circuit; became a sergeant-at-law in 1832, was appointed one of the judges of the King's Bench, and upon retiring from the judicial bench in 1858 was created a Privy Councilor. He showed considerable literary acquirements at an early age, and hav ing edited the Quarterly Review for some time,

he continued to contribute numerous articles to it until his death. He published an edition of Blackstone's "Commentaries" with notes (1825), and a "Memoir of the Rev. John Keble, M. A." (1869, third edition, 1870).

COLET, LOUISE RÉVOIL, a French authoress, born September 15, 1810; died March 10, 1876. In 1835 she went to Paris, where she married Hippolyte Colet, a musical writer and composer. After his death in 1851 she turned her attention still more diligently to literature. She received the prize for poetry of the Institute four times for the following poems: "Le Musée de Versailles" (1839), “Le Monument de Molière" (1843), “La Colonie de Mettray" (1852), and "L'Acropole d'Athènes" (1855). Besides these four she also published the following poetical works: "Fleur du Midi" (1836), "A ma Mère" (1839), "Penserosa" (1839), "Les Funérailles de Napoléon " (1840), "Le Marabout de Sidi-Brahim" (1845), "Réveil de la Bologne " (1846), "Les Chants des Vaincus" (1846), and "Le Poëme Femme" (in three parts, 1853-'56). Among her prose works, which comprise novels, traveling adventures, and personal reminiscences, are the following: "La Jeunesse de Mirabeau " (1841), "Les Cours brisés" (1843), "Deux Mois d'Emotion " (1843), “Folles et Saintes " (1844), "Deux Femmes célèbres" (1846), "Madame Hoffmann-Tauska" (1854), "Promenade en Hollande" (1859), "Deux Mois dans les Pyrénées" (1859), and "Naples sous Garibaldi" (1861).

COLLINS, MORTIMER, an English poet and novelist, born in 1825; died July 25, 1876. He

Antioquia
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Boyacá.

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Panamá..
Tolima.

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devoted himself at an early age to journalism,
being in connection with various journals,
particularly the London Globe. Among his
poetic works are "Summer Songs' (1860),
"Idyls and Rhymes" (1865), and "Inn of
Strange Meetings and Other Poems" (1871).
His novels are as follows: "Who is the Heir?"
(1865), "Sweet Anne Page" (1868), "The
Ivory Gate" (1869), "The Vivian Romance"
(1870), "Marquis and Merchant" (1871), "Two
Plunges for a Pearl" (1872), "Princess Clarice"
(1872), "Miranda" (1873), "Squire Silchester's
Whim" (1873), "Mr. Carrington (1873),
written under the assumed name of R. T.
Cotton, "Transmigration" (1874), and "Fran- San Martin.
ces" (1874). He also published a volume of
essays anonymously in 1871, entitled "The
Secret of Long Life."

COLOMBIA (ESTADOS UNIDOS DE COLOMBIA), an independent state, occupying the northwestern portion of South America and the southeastern portion of Central America. The territorial division* of the republic is into nine federal States and six Territories, which, with their populations and capitals, according to the census of 1870, are as follows:

DIVISIONS.

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STATES.

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Cundinamarca.

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TERRITORIES.

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Casanare.

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Goajira..

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Nevada and Moti-
lones..

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San Andrés and
Providencia.

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Total........

2,951,811

Bolívar...

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The total amount of the national debt, in 1875, was $14,872,174, of which $9,865,500 Sailing-vessels.. formed the foreign branch.

The total value of the exports for the year 1874-75 was $9,984,386, comprising the following commodities:

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$876 71,814

994,942

975,962

As was demonstrated in the article "Colombia," in the ANNUAL CYCLOPÆDIA for 1874, there now exists a regularly-organized system of public instruction in that republic. The amount appropriated for that department, in 42,976 the year 1874-75, was but $121,000, which the 10,783 director-general declares to be altogether inad54,051 equate to cover the unavoidable outlays. The sum by him estimated as requisite for the year 1876-'77 was $229,504. As will be shown in the following tables, each State appropriates a certain amount of funds for the maintenance of its own public schools.

8,372

22,535
10.182

228 188,613 13,519

Cattle..

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Cocoanuts.

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1,511,736

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$9,984,386

Dividivi...

670 Cotton-seed. 1,960 Salt..

125,842 Tobacco-leaf..

Vegetable ivory.

1,477 Sundries

124.241

100

2,715,639

170,021

11,882 140,125

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The value of Colombian exports to Great Britain, in 1874, was $4.978,000, or more than one-half of the total value of the exports to all countries.

The total value of the imports in 1874-75 was $14,844,856; that of the imports from Great Britain, $2,964,976; and that of the imports from the United States, $767,472.

The coasting-trade for the year above referred to amounted to $245,089.

The shipping movements at the various

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Territorios nacionales

Totals..

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The only railways in the republic are the Panamá, 47 miles in length; that from Sabanilla to Barranquilla, 15 miles; and the new line from Puerto Barrio to Medellin, only a part of which was opened to traffic in 1876. It will be eight or nine years before it is completed. There were, in 1875, 1,227 miles of telegraph, the number of dispatches transmitted in the same year being 98,375.

In May, 1875, the Colombian Congress passed a law authorizing the Executive to negotiate for the opening a communication by canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Negotiations were shortly afterward commenced, and a contract was drawn up, the terms of which we here transcribe:

The undersigned, Manuel Ancizar, Secretary of State for the Departments of Interior and Foreign Relations, of the Colombian Government, duly authorized by the President of the Union, and Antonio de Gogorza, for himself and for General Stephen Tarr, according to sufficient power exhibited, have agreed to the following:

ARTICLE I. Antonio de Gogorza, in his own behalf and that of his client, General Stephen Turr, accepts in all its parts, and as part of the present agreement, the Colombian law, No. 33, of May 26, 1875, "authorizing the Executive power to negotiate for the opening up communication by canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans," and submits to the provisions and conditions therein made. And reciprocally the Colombian Government hereby concedes to, and puts them in possession of, the franchises granted in section 1 of Article II. of the above-cited law, counting the ninety-nine years of privilege from the date hereof.

ART. II. The Colombian Government authorizes General Turr and Señor Gogorza to associate themselves with two persons, approved of by the minister of the republic in France or Great Britain, and by them deemed competent, and proceed to form an international commission of engineers to survey the isthmus at Darien, and at the expense of the grantees to make the exploration mentioned in condition three, Article II. of the law above cited, and within the time therein allowed; within twelve months thereafter to make report to the Colombian Government of the result of said exploration in the manner

provided in the above-cited condition three of the law: Provided, That should unforeseen accident, such as earthquake, inundation, or armed resistance of the natives, cause delay, a reasonable extension of time be granted.

ART. III. The tracing and fixing of the line of the canal in all its length, as also that of any auxiliary railway that may be projected from ocean to ocean, must be wholly beyond and to the east of a straight line connecting the cape of Tiburon with the headland of Garachine, whose exact situation will be determined by the exploring engineers.

ART. IV. Should the river Atrato be selected by the engineers as one of the entries to the canal, its mouth, through which such entrance is proposed, must be channeled and adapted to the ingress and egress of vessels of six hundred tons, and be considered part of the line of the canal. But the navigation of the Atrato, in so far as its channel may not constitute part of the canal, shall remain free and unincumbered.

ART. V. Should the preliminary survey referred to (in Article III.) show the practicability of a canal without locks or tunnels, the grantees, General Turr and A. de Gogorza, and their associates, will, under the immediate patronage of the Colombian Government, be authorized to form, within the eighteen months specified by the law, a company for the execution of the work.

ART. VI. The deposit mentioned in Article III. of the law cited shall be made in such bank as the national Executive may designate, the receipt of the bank being evidence of the fulfillment of said obligation. Said deposit may be in bonds of the Colombian foreign debt, at the market price at the time grantees should forfeit this deposit under provision of the deposit. It is understood that, in case the of section 2 of Article XXIII. of the cited law, the same, with the accumulated interest, will pass, without any reduction, to the Colombian Government. the cited law shall be adjudged to the grantees as ART. VII. The wild lands ceded by Article IV. of soon as the deposit shall have been made. Those situated on the banks of the canal, rivers, or maritime coasts, shall be divided into lots alternating with those of equal size reserved to the Government, and fronting those reserved to the Government on the opposite sides of the canal, rivers, or coasts. None of said lots shall measure less than three nor more than four thousand metros of front on said canal, rivers, or coasts, thus forming an area of, say, one thousand hectares, more or less. With a belt of six and a half miles (one thousand miriametros) on either side of the canal, the Government can concede no lands (to other parties) until the expiration of the ten years from the time of the commencement of the work, or until after the present grantees shall have received the entire quantity ceded them by Article IV. of the law above cited.

ART. VIII. The number of fiscal agents which, under provisions of Article IV., may be placed at the termini of the canal, shall not exceed twice the number in the custom-house at Barranquilla; and their salaries, so far as the same may become chargeable to the company, shall not exceed those allotted to employés of the same class in said custom-house.

ÁRT. IX. Until the contingency mentioned in Article XIX. (Article XVII. ?) of the law above cited, the tonnage of vessels shall be stated in their charters or registers, and that of their cargo shall be set forth in their manifests and bills of lading.

ART. X. The grantees obligate themselves to constitute an agent in Bogotá, duly authorized to represent them in the adjustment of debts and disputes that may arise from adverse construction of contract; and, for a like purpose, the Government shall name an agent to reside near the domicile of the company. In every case where irreconcilable differences may arise, they shall be submitted to the decision of the Federal Supreme Court.

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