At 4 o'clock in the morning, the principal cook is let out from his cell, builds fires in the kitchen and commences preparations for breakfast. He can now be watched through a grate, lately made in the door between the wash room and north wing,by the Turnkey there, and required by the ringing a small bell, suspended to a wire in the kitchen. and extending into the north wing, whenever out of sight, to show himself. The several Turnkeys, who have no companies of convicts to lock and unlock, place themselves while that is doing, in the angles and different places about the wing, to aid in observing and preventing any talk or irregularity among the convicts as they march along the galleries, and are some of them more or less, occasionally, out of the view of the officer who locks and unlocks them. The key of the key-room is always, day and night, in the hands of some one, in the Keeper's Hall, who is on duty. Convicts are shaved once a week, in their shops by convict barbers, on Friday or Saturday, and their hair: kept short.

They are also compelled to wash their feet often, and in the warm season, frequently to bathe in one of the reservoirs of water in the yard. A duty roster of the officers and guard is kept hanging in the Keeper's hall and kept by the officer on duty there, showing the order and time of their performing night, hall and Sunday duty.

There is a hall waiter stationed in the wash room, and called by pulling a wire attached to a bell, whose business it is, to sweep and clean the offices, make fires, carry messages, &c. &c.

A convict's word is never taken even against another convict, and much less against an officer.

SUNDAY REGULATIONS.

On Sunday morning, the officers and guard are all present, and the Prison is opened at the same time, and in the same manner as on other days; and after emptying and rinsing their night tubs, march back to their cells and their doors latched, when a convict is let out from each gallery to distribute the clean shirts through the door grates, which have been put up in as many bundles as there are galleries of convicts, and with a Turnkey going always by his side.

The Sunday scholars are taken from their respective cells, with their Bibles, Spelling-books, tubs and blankets, and are placed in cells in a vacant gallery, under the charge of a Turnkey, for the convenience of taking them to and returning from the school-room, in the opposite wing of the Prison. The names of those reported sick, on Sunday morning, are put on paper by the Turnkey and hung on a wire by the door, which the Physician takes, and visits them at their cells.

Turnkeys must see that the convicts are provided with Bibles, combs and glasses to read, when necessary, and the Scholars with Spellingbooks.

SUNDAY BREAKFAST.

The officers remain until the bell rings for breakfast, when the convicts are let out and marched through the wash room and kitchen to the mess room; and when they return from breakfast through the

wash-room, take their cans of fresh drinking water, which have been filled and placed there by the cooks.

The convicts are then locked up in the usual manner, the keys returned to the key-room, and the officers disperse, except two Turnkeys, who both watch the cells and Hospital through the day, (after having been relieved by two others an hour for breakfast,) in the same manner as is done by one at a time, at night, except that they allow no well convicts to lie down till the bell rings at evening.

One guard also remains all day in the Keeper's Hall, to tend the front gate and inner doors, he having also been relieved for breakfast, but neither he nor the Turnkeys on duty, are relieved, to eat again, until night.

SUNDAY MORNING SCHOOL.

At half past eight, the Turnkey, whose turn it is, returns, unlocks and takes the scholars to the school-room, where they are instructed by 8 or 10 young gentlemen from the Theological Seminary, and one or two others, who generously volunteer their services. They are also superintended by the Turnkey, and remain in school until divine service. The resident Chaplain has the general superintendence of the Sabbath School, which is also visited by the Agent and Deputy Keeper.

DIVINE SERVICE.

At precisely 10 o'clock, the officers and guard are all assembled again, and then all the convicts are unlocked, in the usual way, and marched through the wash-room, leaving their water-cans again, and proceed on, in usual silence and order, into the south wing and upper west story, prepared for a Chapel, with narrow seats with backs, so that they sit comfortably, facing the minister, without looking in each others' faces. A sermon is delivered, and usual Divine service performed, except singing.

Small platforms are erected at the sides and ends of the Chapel, where the Turnkeys sit, so elevated, as perfectly to overlook every convict.

The guard remain outside of the Prison, and the Turnkey, who oversees the kitchen, remains there with the cooks, to prepare and divide their rations of meat, bread and vegetables, which are to supply them until next morning. This is put in their mush-kids, their watercans filled again with fresh water, and all arranged as usual in the wash-room.

When Divine service has closed, and the Chaplain retired, the Company, which came in last, at the word of their Keeper, rise and march out, and the other Keepers with their men following in the same manner, and, as they pass again through the wash-room, take their kids of ratious and cans of water to their cells, are locked up, and the Turnkeys and guard, (except those on duty,) disperse for the remainder of the day.

If any convict has used or spilt his can of water, and needs more, he is supplied by the Turnkeys on duty, through the door grate, by the aid of a tunnel,

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SUNDAY AFTERNOON SCHOOL.

At half past three o'clock, the Turnkey, on that duty, unlocks and takes the scholars again to the school-room, where they remain, as before, from two, to two and a half hours, and are then locked up for the night.

These scholars, after emptying their tubs on Monday morning, put them in their proper places, with others of their several Companies, with whom they are again locked up at night in the usual way.

OF TURNKEYS' RELIEFS.

There are only 17 Turnkeys at present, who are allowed one hour for breakfast and one for dinner; and as ten, at least, are indispensably necessary at all Prison hours, they can only be relieved by eating at different times of the day. For instance, some dine at 11, some at 12 and others at one o'clock. During the hours of relief, two Turnkeys must be in the two Coopers' shops, three in the Weave-shop, two in the Shoemakers' and Tailors' shop, one in the Carpenters' shop, one in the Blacksmiths' shop, one in the kitchen and one in the north yard. After relief is over, one is added to the weavers' shop, and one to the coopers', one goes into the north wing to attend to that and the Hospital, one, and sometimes two to wait on visiters; and it often happens that one or more are sick-especially the day after doing night duty.

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Scrubbing, white-washing, making repairs, and other jobs about the Prison, constantly require the superintendence of such Turnkeys asmay not be regularly necessary in the established departments. The number of Turnkeys, is, in truth, too small, and frequently occasions difficulty in getting along.

The same remarks, as to relief, will apply to the guard.

VISITERS.

The guard, at the front gate, admits, at the proper hours, all decent persons who request it: and if they wish to visit the Prison, are directed to the Clerk's Office, where they are furnished with Tickets, at 25 cents, each person, from a Ticket Book, similar to a Bank Check Book, in the margin of which are entered the date, number and amount of Tickets.

The guard, at the inner door in the Keeper's Hall, allows no one to pass into the Prison, without the permission of the Keeper or Deputy, unless there is a Turnkey to go with him, and he has a Ticket, which the guard slips on a wire, through a hole, into a close box, which is opened every month, and the Tickets compared with the margin of the Ticket Book, to guard against fraud or mistake.

Visiters are conducted through the shops, north wing, and other departments, except that of the females and of the Hospital. They are treated politely, and all desired information cheerfully furnished them. They are to speak to no convict, nor excite him to look up, by stopping to gaze at him, or by signs, nor indulge in general conversation, or the least degree of levity in the hearing of convicts, nor to talk about

particular convicts they may know, in their or others' hearing, nor,
in any way, to furnish the convicts with the least intelligence.

SCRUBBING, CLEANSING, WHITE-WASHING, AND AIRING THE NORTH
WING, ITS GALLERIES, AND CELLS.

The cells and galleries are thoroughly scrubbed every Saturday, in the forenoon, in warm weather, and every other week during the cold season, when one half or side of the block is scrubbed Friday forenoon, and the other, Saturday forenoon, as it would leave too much dampness there to have the whole done at once.

This operation is commenced after relief is over in the morning, and employs from twenty to thirty convicts, who require from two to three Turnkeys to oversee them-to see the scrubbing well done, and to prevent any talking, as they are scattered about, and passing in and Qut with water. About half are employed with brooms, and also scraping irons, adapted in shape to all the corners and crevices, and the rest in bringing and dashing on water, and in filing or mopping the cells and galleries as dry as possible, as fast as they are scrubbed; commencing with the upper tier of cells and galleries, and thence de scending to the ground brick floor, which is also washed, and the water swept off clean into the drain. In cool weather, the fires are also kept up through the day, to prevent the wing and cells' being damp at night.

When the convicts leave the wing in the morning, the door, between it and the wash-room, is locked, to prevent any convicts from going in there from or to the Hospital without a Turnkey with them. From one to two convicts are employed, through the day, in sweeping all the cells, galleries and stairs, trimming the lamps, raising and shutting the windows, and keeping the cell doors open, to have the whole well aired.

The north wing Turnkey examines the cells, hammocks, blankets, bibles, and spelling-books, and if any wilful injury is done to them by the convicts, or any weapon, tools, or the like, are found, he puts, down the number of the cell and offence committed, and reports the same for punishment. If any bedbugs or fleas are discovered, the most effectual means are taken, at once to eradicate them; and he sees that the blankets are sent out to be washed as often as necessary, and that the sweepers do their duty. He often goes into the Hospital, which is left unlocked during the day, to see that all is right, and attends also to repairing hammocks, locks, &c.

Great care is observed in white-washing, for cleanliness and the preservation of health. The whole block, in the wing, and the walls of the whole area around it, are copiously white-washed from three to four times in the warm season, and the inside of the cells much of tener.

HOSPITAL.

Still greater care is taken by scrubbing, white-washing, and wash⚫ing clothes and bedding, to keep this department perfectly clean and yell aired.

Two trusty and active convicts are selected, one as a cook in the Hospital kitchen, and to assist the other, who is a steward or nurse, and has the particular charge of the sick, and attends strictly to all the directions of the Physician, and shaves the sick convicts.

When necessary, other convicts are sent in, to watch with the sick at night.

“A report of the names of all the convicts retained in the Hospital, is every day sent to the Keeper's Hall, that when Turnkeys find any cells vacant, as they lock up at night, they may know if any of them are in the Hospital; and the north wing Turnkey, who locks the Hospital, a few minutes before the Prison closes, must see that all are in who belong there.

The Physician directs what provisions are necessary for the Hospital; and the north wing and Hospital Turnkey must also see that the Keeper is informed, that he may provide them. These are obtained by purchase from day to day, but usually at steady places, where the best terms and articles can be had. All these provisions are weighed and examined at the Keeper's Hall; and if of good quality, are tered, with the name of the person furnishing them, in a book prepared for the purpose, and then are sent to the Hospital.

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The key of the Hospital is kept, with others, in the key-room: the key of the medicine room is usually kept in the Deputy Keeper's desk, and the key of the liquor chest, by the Physician.

The sick are allowed all the articles of comfort, which would be proper to allow the sick in any circumstances in life.

When a convict dies, his body is kept 24 hours; and, if not claimed by any relative, the law of the State requires that it should be delivered to the agent of the College of Physicians, at Fairfield, for dissection. Such agent is, usually, the Prison Physician.

NORTH YARD.

In this yard are the stable and fire engine house, under the guardhouse, (which last overlooks the yard,) the house for receiving ashes and making soap, and the coal-house, attached to the back of the Blacksmiths' shop. Here are received, sawed, split and piled up, the wood for the Prison, all the lumber, materials for, and ware from the shops, and rations for the convicts; and, of necessity, is the great thoroughfare of the Prison.

The Turnkey, placed there, must be active and vigilant, keep an account, in a book, of wood, hay, ashes, lumber, or other materials brought for the State, watch closely citizens who come in with teams, &c. and prevent their talking with convicts, or privately giving them liquor, tobacco, or other articles. No teams go into the interior yard; but the Turnkey sends by the convicts, all the materials to the shops, rations to the kitchen, and wood for the Prison.

Convicts, employed in this yard, are such as have no trades, and are most unfit to labor.

Rubbish, from the shops, and offals, from the kitchen, are brought to this yard, and burnt, or loaded in the State cart by the convicts, and driven outside by one of the guard.