thirty-sixth part of the lands of the state is public property, set apart for the purposes of education.

5. These lands are either leased or sold; and the money arising from such lease or sale, is paid into the state treasury, and constitutes what is called the school fund. The state auditor keeps an account with each township having a school lot, and also with the several tracts before mentioned, that it may be known what portion of the school fund is derived from each such township and other district of country, and what portion of the interest on the fund belongs to each.

6. The state is at present the borrower of this fund; that is to say, it uses the money received from the school lands, in paying debts incurred in constructing its canals; and for such use it pays annually the interest, which is distributed among the several townships and other tracts, in proportion to the amount of each one's share of the school fund.

7. Besides this fund provided by congress, a temporary fund for the same purpose has been established by the state. This fund consists of interest on the state's share of the United States' surplus revenue, the revenue from banks, insurance and bridge companies, and other funds to be annually provided by the state; (in all $200,000 ;) which is to be distributed yearly among the several counties, in proportion to the number of white youth in each, between the ages of four and twenty-one years.

8. The "surplus revenue" above mentioned was received in 1837 from the treasury of the United States, into which there had accumulated more than thirty-seven millions of dollars more than was necessary to defray the expenses of the general government. This surplus not being wanted for government purposes, was distributed among the several states, to be kept by them until called for by congress. The sum deposited with this state, (sometimes called deposit fund,) was nearly four millions of dollars.

9. In addition to the money arising from the funds which

respecting these tracts? 5. How are these lands disposed of? How are the proceeds applied? 6. To whom is this fund loaned? 7. What temporary fund for school purposes is provided? 8. What is this surplus revenue? About how much was this state's portion? 9. What

have been described, a considerable sum is raised yearly in every county by a tax, not exceeding two mills, nor less than one mill, on every dollar of the amount of taxable property in the county, to be levied and collected as other county taxes.

10. School moneys are generally apportioned among the several counties, townships, and districts, according to the number of children in each. The township clerk takes every year an enumeration of all white youth in his township, between the ages of four and twenty-one years, (omitting married persons,) and reports the same to the county auditor, who reports to the secretary of state the number of all such youth in the county. The secretary of state furnishes the state auditor with the number of such youth in each county; and the state auditor apportions the funds among the several counties. To the portion received by each county, is added the amount raised by tax in the county; and the whole is apportioned among the several townships and districts.

11. Districts are laid off, and altered, when necessary, by the trustees of townships. A meeting is held annually in each district, for the election of officers. Three directors are chosen, whose duty it is to manage the affairs of the district. One of the directors is to serve as clerk and treasurer.

12. The county auditor is the county superintendent of common schools, most of whose duties in relation to schools ave been already mentioned. He apportions the school moneys among the districts, and gives to the township treas urers orders on the county treasurer; and makes abstracts of returns made to him from the townships.

13. The township clerk is the town superintendent of common schools. His duties also have been mentioned in part. He takes lists of youth; (see section 10 ;) fills vacancies in the office of district directors; visits the schools in his township once a year; and estimates the amount of mo

other sum is yearly raised for schools? 10. How are school moneys apportioned among the counties, &c.? 11. By whom are districts laid out? What officers are elected in the districts? 12. Who is county superintendent of schools? What are his duties? 13. Who is town

ney required in addition to what is derived from other

Sources.

14. The state superintendent (who is the secretary of state) collects information relating to the schools, the number of children residing in the districts, the number taught, and the amount paid for tuition; the number of school-houses, and the amount expended from year to year in erecting school-houses; and other matters in reference to the operations and effects of the common school system. He reports annually to the legislature the information collected, and suggests such improvements as he thinks ought to be made. It is his duty also to ascertain and report the condition and value of all the school lands, with the amount of the different school funds due to each township.

15. School examiners are appointed in each county by the court of common pleas, for the term of three years. They examine teachers; and to those whom they think competent to teach, they give a certificate to that effect. And for the convenience of teachers in distant parts of the county, they may appoint persons in the remote townships to serve as examiners. Examiners may also recommend school books to be used in the schools.

CHAPTER XIX.

Funds, &c., of the State, continued.-University Fund; Ministerial Fund; Road Fund; Public Buildings, &c.

1. BESIDES the school fund described in the preceding chapter, there is another called the university fund. At an early period, two townships of six miles square each, of a tract of land in the southern part of the state, called the "Ohio Company's Purchase," were granted by congress for a college. On these lands, now in Athens county, the legislature of the North Western Territory established an superintendent? What are his duties? 14. Who is state superintendent? What are his duties? 15. How are school examiners appointed? What are their duties?

1. Give a description of the university fund. To what institutions is

institution, now called the "Ohio University." Another township, situate in the southwestern part of the state, was also early granted by congress, on which is now the "Miami University." The avails of these lands, as they are sold, are paid into the state treasury for the benefit of these in

stitutions.

2. There is also a ministerial fund. In a portion of the state, one section of land, one mile square, in each township, was granted by congress for the support of the gospel. The avails of these lands are paid into the state treasury, and constitute a fund, the interest of which is apportioned among the several townships according to the share which each has in the fund, and is distributed among all the religious denominations in each township in proportion to the number of adherents of each, for the support of religion.(Cons. Art. 8, sec. 26.)

3. There is also a fund, called the three per cent. fund, for making and improving roads. The act of congress providing for the admission of the new state into the Union, made certain propositions to the people. The convention of delegates that framed the constitution, acting for the people, did not choose to accept these propositions fully, but proposed some alterations, which were agreed to by congress.

4. By the terms of these propositions, as modified, the one thirty-sixth part of the land was to be given for the benefit of schools, and three per cent. of the proceeds of the public lands (of the United States) sold within the state, was to be applied, under the direction of the legislature of the state, to the making and improving of roads within the state. The money thus accruing is apportioned by the state auditor among the several counties; and the county commissioners appropriate it for the improvement of roads, or repair of bridges, to be expended by such persons as the commissioners may appoint for that purpose.

5. The national road is also the property of the state.

the income of this paid? 2. Describe the ministerial fund. How is this fund distributed? 3. To what object is the three per cent. fund applied? 4. How was this road fund obtained? How is it distributed? 5. By what government was the national road made? Whose property

This road, which passes through this and other states, was made by the government of the United States. That part of it which lies in this state, has been transferred by congress to the state. Tolls are collected on it, and applied to the keeping of it in repair. The road has been placed by the legislature under the direction of the board of publio works.

6. The public buildings at the seat of government, erected there for the accommodation of the legislature and the state officers, are state property. They are under the care of persons appointed for that purpose.

7. The state library consists of books containing matter of a public nature: such as the laws of the state, enacted from year to year, the laws of the United States, and the laws of the several states; together with all public documents, and such works generally as the members of the legislature and other officers of the government have occasion to examine, and as it is important to preserve for future use; besides a large collection of miscellaneous works. The citizens at large have access to the library. It is under the control of the governor, secretary of state, and a librarian.

8. The lunatic asylum has been built by the state, for the benefit of persons who have become insane. Such persons are sent to the asylum, where they are put under the care of physicians. The affairs of this institution are managed by six directors, appointed by the legislature for six years, -one going out of office, and a new one being appointed, every year. The directors appoint a superintendent.

9. There is at the seat of government an extensive prison, called the penitentiary, in which are confined persons convicted of the higher crimes, punishable by imprisonment elsewhere than in a county jail. The buildings have been erected at the expense of the state. The penitentiary is under the direction of three directors, who hold their offices

is it now? Under whose direction is the road? 6. What is said of the public buildings? 7. Of what consists the state library? Under whose control is it? 8. For what purpose is the state asylum used? By what officers is it managed? 9. What is a penitentiary? For what crimes are persons imprisoned there? How are the directors chosen? What