accept of this public manifestation of their regard.— The President, in the most feeling manner, expressed the lively sense he entertained of the civility and attention of his fellow-citizens, but was compelled, from motives of public concern, to forego the acceptance of their invitation."

The city of Baltimore, the capital of the state of Maryland, is situated upon the Patapsco river, about fourteen miles from its junction with the Chesapeake Bay. It has been long ranked as the fourth commercial city in the union. It is built upon a basin, which forms a safe and commodious harbour. It is divided by a creek called Jones' Falls, into two parts, over which a number of bridges are erected to facilitate communication between the two sections of the city. The public buildings in this place, whether erected as hous es of legislative or judicial sessions; public worship; the education of youth, or banking, commercial, and manufacturing concerns, certainly evince the taste and the wealth of the place. Its population in 1810, was 47,000. It is well defended by fort M'Henry. The storm and the flood of 1817, left a gloomy track of desolation through this flourishing and growing city; but the known enterprize of its citizens will shortly restore the place from the effects of a calamity which no sagacity could foresee; which no prudence could prevent.

The defence of this place, on September 14, 1814, shews that retribution sometimes treads close upon the heels of transgression. Gen. Ross, a Britisi com mander, a few weeks before this place was att ked, burnt the Capitol, the President's house, and the na

tional library at Washington. Near Baltimore he was slain by the hand of an American! We cannot scan the mysterious decrees of Providence; "his ways are past finding out ;"but while the noble sentiment inherent with American bosoms, induces them to honour the memory of a valiant and generous foe like Brock, they silently acquiesce in the justice of heaven in removing a Vandal enemy like Ross.

The President took his departure from Baltimore upon the 4th, amidst the prayers of the good for the benedictions of heaven upon his life, and the blessings of all upon him, for his dignified affability and the deep interest he manifested for the welfare and happiness of the place. He entered the steam boat Philadelphia, being conducted to it by the mayor and city council, and was accompanied to Frenchtown by a number of the citizens. He reached New-Castle, and there lodged. In the two last mentioned places, although there was but little parade, the whole population evinced by every visible demonstration, their high respect and veneration for the President.

He arrived at Philadelphia upon the 6th, and was received there in a style highly creditable to the taste and elegance of its citizens. The manner of his reception, shewed that amongst a refined people, the most enthusiastic admiration will always be restrained by the dictates of propriety.

The President, while in this important city, and its vicinity, instead of indulging himself in the luxurious enjoyments that were every where spread before him, devoted himself to the most minute attention in examining the almost endless variety of important establish

ments belonging either to the nation, the state, or individuals. The first object that attracted his attention here, was the great object he had in view in making his laborious Tour; the defence of his country against an enemy. This city may be approached through the Delaware by the largest ships that swim upon the ocean. It was a long time in possession of the enemy in the revolutionary war, and its possession was of immense importance to them, and of severe distress to the country. But the President now had the satisfaction of witnessing the progress and almost the completion of a great work forty miles below it, which will secure this great city from the approach of a naval enemy. He inspected the numerous manufacturing establishments upon the Brandywine, and there witnessed the perfection to which machinery had been carried by his enterprising and inventive countrymen. He was received at fort Mifflin with the customary honours, and gave it an examination with the eye of a soldier. The navy yard and the Franklin 74, were by him minutely inspected. Delightful indeed was the association of ideas when on board this majestic ship, bearing the name of the American Philosopher, and laying before the city which was honoured by his residence.

"The public establishments of this city, as well as those belonging to the United States, were visited. He was at the penitentiary, and there witnessed the most extraordinary institution in the universe; a prison to which all the criminals of the state are committed after a sentence; and the disorderly of this large city. It has at times contained prisoners of both sexes to the amount of 600. There he saw a prison, containing the

worst characters of the community, the collective depravity of the vices of society, kept in useful, wholesome employment; with the same quietness as a quaker meeting; with the order and obedience of a military body; well fed and warmly clad; and by a happy system of order and humanity, secure against the despair, the violence and outrages common to prisons ; the whole kept in order by only seven men; and the secret of the establishment by which this astonishing institution is conducted is to avoid cruel punishments; to avoid every kind of ignominy; to induce self-respect even among criminals, and to induce the worst to hope ; the whole prison, such as in other places requires a military guard, is conducted by only seven men, whose mildness of manners is as striking as the excellence of the system itself.

The President also visited the Pennsylvania Hospital; the Academy of Fine Arts; the Museum of Mr. Peale; Mr. Sulley's paintings, &c. The civil authorities of this state waited on him; and, indeed, his quarters at the Mansion House were crowded every hour."

It is impossible in a work so limited as this, to notice all the civilities he received, or insert all the addresses that were delivered; but as the Pennsylvania State Society of Cincinnati approached their illustrious compatriot with the manly and affectionate language of soldiers; and as he reciprocated their civilities in the language of the heart, the address and answer must not be omitted.

TO JAMES MONROE,

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

SIR-Embracing the occasion which your attention, as Chief Magistrate, to the military defences of the United States, has afforded, it is with peculiar pleasure that the members of the Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati, a portion of the surviving few, who were your associates in arms during the war of the revolution, approach to renew their personal intercourse, and to assure you of their cordial support to the firm and impartial administration of the government, which, by combining in its measures domestic tranquillity with the respect of foreign nations, they confidently anticipate, will promote the best interests of the United States, ensure to our citizens the advantage of social harmony and individual happiness.

That you may participate those blessings, and enjoy the grateful esteem of a happy people, is the sincere wish of

Your faithful friends,

And respectful fellow citizens.

Signed by order, and by the unanimous vote of the Society,

D. LENOX, President.

HORACE BINNEY, Secretary. Philadelphia, June 6, 1817.

THE PRESIDENT'S ANSWER.

To the members of the Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati.

FELLOW CITIZENS;

In attending to the military and naval defence of the United States, nothing can be more gratifying to me, than to meet the surviving members of my associates in arms, who distinguished themselves in our revolutionary contest. I can never forget the dangers of that great epoch, nor be indifferent to the merit of those who partook in them.