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and 1820, and for each census from 1840 to 1890, inclusive, is presented as follows:

NUMBER OF INQUIRIES OR DETAILS RELATING TO MANUFACTURES: 1810 TO 1890.

Items of inquiry.

Name of corporation, company, (a) or individual
Date of establishment..

Kind of goods manufactured

Capital invested:

Total amount of capital invested

Value of plant-land; buildings; machinery, tools, and implements; total..

Live capital-raw materials on hand; stock in
process, and finished products on hand; cash
on hand, bills receivable, unsettled ledger
accounts, and sundries not included in any
of the foregoing items; total..
Average annual allowance since June 1, 1880,
for depreciation of buildings and machinery
Miscellaneous expenses:

Amount of contingent expenses..
Amount paid for-rent, power, and heat; taxes;
insurance; repairs, ordinary, of buildings
and machinery; commissions and expenses
of sales department; interest on cash used in
the business; all sundries (not reported in
any of the foregoing items); total

Persons employed:

Number of-men; women; boys and girls..
Number of-men (or persons) (b) ..
Average number of-males; females..

Average number of-males above 16 years; fe-
males above 15 years; children and youth...
Greatest number at any one time during year..
Average number of-

Wages:

Operatives, engineers, and other skilled
workmen, overseers, and foremen or
superintendents (not general superin-
tendents or managers)-males above 16
years; females above 15 years; children..
Officers or firm members-males; females..
Clerks or salesmen-males above 16 years;
females above 15 years; children
Watchmen, laborers, teamsters, and other
unskilled workmen-males above 16
years; females above 15 years; children..
Piecework (not included in the foregoing
statement)-males above 16 years; fe-
males above 15 years; children..

Total amount paid in wages during year..
Average monthly cost of-male labor; female
labor....

Average day's wages-for a skilled mechanic; for an ordinary laborer..

Amount paid in wages during year to

Operatives, engineers, and other skilled workmen, overseers, and foremen or superintendents (not general superintendents or managers)-males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children.. Officers or firm members-males; females.. Clerks or salesmen-males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children Watchmen, laborers, teamsters, and other unskilled workmen-males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children. Piecework (not included in the foregoing statement)-males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children' Weekly rates of wages paid and average number of hands employed at each rate (under $5; $5 and over, but under $6; $6 and over, but under $7; $7 and over, but under $8; $8 and over, but under $9; $9 and over, but under $10; $10 and over, but under $12; $12 and over, but under $15; $15 and over, but under $20; $20 and over, but under $25; $25 and over). males above 16 years; females above 15 years; children

a" Firm" instead of "company" in 1890.

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b Usually number of men employed, but in a few instances, number of persons employed; in one case, that of "silk," the number of "males" and of "females and children" was asked.

NUMBER OF INQUIRIES OR DETAILS RELATING TO MANUFACTURES: 1810 TO 1890.-C't'd.

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Kind of power (steam, water, wind, horse, or hand); if steam or water, number of horsepower

If water power is used-on what river or stream; height of fall, in feet; wheels-number; kind; breadth, in feet; revolutions per minute; horsepower

If steam power is used-number of boilers; number of engines; horsepower

If water power is used-number of water
wheels; horsepower; number of turbine
wheels; horsepower.

If other power is used-kind (electric, gas, or
other); number of motors; horsepower.
If power is supplied by other establishments-
kind of power supplied; horsepower; name
of establishment supplying the same...

Machinery:

Quantity and kind; quantity and operation....... Quantity (number of) and kind (name or description)

Capital invested by colored persons-number of persons; amount invested

Total.

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a Kind, quantity, and value asked on special schedules. b Number of spindles in cotton manufactories called for. c Inquiries concerning machinery used were made on the special schedules of manufactures, but not on the general schedule.

d Not including "general remarks concerning the establishment, as to its actual and past condition, the demand for and sale of its manufacture."

eNumber of inquiries or details called for by general schedule of manufactures only; additional inquiries on special schedules of manufactures, not common to general schedule or other special schedules, are not included.

From this summary it is seen that at the census of 1810, as shown by the printed report, the only results obtained related to the kind, quantity, and value of goods manufactured, but comprehended very many articles, as indicated by the printed list in Appendix A. The 14 inquiries made in 1820 comprehended not only the kind and value of goods made, but details concerning the amount of capital invested, amount of contingent expenses, persons employed, wages paid, materials used, and machinery. At the census of 1840 the results secured covered only 5 details as to capital invested, persons employed, and the kind, quantity, and value of goods manufactured. At the censuses of 1850 and 1860 the inquiries covered 14 details, and at the census of 1870, 18 details, comprehending the kind of goods manufactured, capital invested, persons employed, wages paid, materials used, goods

made, motive power, and machinery. The same general details were called for in 1880, but, in addition, 5 details were asked concerning months in operation, 2 details concerning hours of labor, and 10 details concerning motive power used, making 29 details in all. At the census of 1890 the number of details required was very much extended, including 9 details for capital invested, 8 for miscellaneous expenses, 14 for persons employed, 15 for amount of wages paid, and 11 for weekly rates of wages; or, in all, 88 details.

In addition to the inquiries made on the general schedule of industry in 1850, 1860, and 1870, four inquiries relating to newspapers and periodicals were made on the schedule for "Social Statistics," as shown by the following summary:

NUMBER OF INQUIRIES OR DETAILS RELATING TO NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS: 1850 TO 1870.

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Many of the inquiries contained in the special schedules of manufactures in 1880 and 1890 were common to the general schedule, but, in addition, many other inquiries were made concerning special industries. A detailed analysis of the inquiries on the special schedules can not be made for want of space, but the total number of inquiries or details contained in each special schedule in 1880 and 1890, and the number not common to the general or other special schedules, are summarized as follows:

NUMBER OF INQUIRIES OR DETAILS ON SPECIAL SCHEDULES OF MANUFACTURES: 1880 AND 1890.

[Where special schedules are numbered or lettered the numbers or letters precede in each case the name or title of the special schedule.]

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NUMBER OF INQUIRIES OR DETAILS ON SPECIAL SCHEDULES OF MANUFACTURES: 1880 AND 1890-Continued.

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D.

Ice distribution..

Ice supply in cities

Iron and steel:

Blast furnaces

Rolling mills.

Bessemer and open-hearth steel works..

Crucible, blister, German, and miscellaneous steel works.
Bloomaries and forges

Forges and foundries (supplemental)

Mixed textile goods, dyeing and refinishing.

Newspaper press and publishing interests:

Book, map, and pamphlet publication.

Daily journals, etc.....

Journals and miscellaneous periodicals

Power used in manufactures:

Water power of rivers.

Water power of certain cities..

Water power-dams

Water supply of cities and towns

Machine tools...

Shipbuilding:

Iron vessels.

Wooden vessels.

Wooden vessels-individual

Boats, spars, and masts

Silk manufacture:

Schedule A.

Schedule B.

Sugar and molasses:

H. Wool manufacture.

Total number of different inquiries or details.

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NUMBER OF INQUIRIES OR DETAILS ON SPECIAL SCHEDULES OF MANUFACTURES: 1880 AND 1890-Continued.

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a See supplemental statement for number of inquiries or details for each special schedule relating to the electrical industry.

b Exclusive of inquiries relating to the electrical industry.

NUMBER OF INQUIRIES OR DETAILS ON SPECIAL SCHEDULES OF MANUFACTURES RELATING TO THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY, 1890.

Name, etc., of special schedule.

Number of inquiries or details.

Total.

Number not common

to general or other special schedules.

15.

Electric light and power stations

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15a. Manufactures of electrical apparatus, instruments, and supplies. 15b. Isolated electric light and power plants.

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15c. Commercial telegraph companies..

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15c.

(Supplemental No. 1)

45

15c.

(Supplemental No. 2)

4

15c.

(Supplemental No. 3)

11

.29

15c.

(Supplemental No. 4)

11

15c.

(Supplemental No. 5)

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15d.

Commercial telephone companies.

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15d.

(Exchange supplement No. 1)

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15d.

15d.

15d.

(Underground service supplement No. 2)
(Conversations supplement No. 3).
(Foreign conversations supplement No. 4)

15e. Steamboat electric light and power plants..

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