cause; with a charity that was always ready to mantle, on proper occasion, human weakness and defect; and with a heart warm for all humanity, and tender and true to the few admitted to its inmost recesses.

If now we add to such unusual endowments his magnificent acquirements in literature, philosophy, fine arts, and general practical knowledge of men and of the world, we have in view a man who is capable of filling almost any public position with credit to himself and with profit to those he serves. But extreme diffidence, and in later years feeble health, kept him from the public eye.

He began business life as a lawyer, because he loved law as a study; but its practice as a profession proved not to his taste, because he found himself unfitted for its forensic contests. As an editorial writer he was terse, clear, logical, forcible, and convincing, and for many years he and his journal were a political power. In this field he attained distinction, many of his editorial contributions to the "high debate" of great constitutional and political questions attracting attention in all parts of the Union. Politically he was a Democrat in the strictest and purest sense; he contended for principles, not men; for policies, not parties; for the good of all, not for the good of one; while as a citizen he was always earnest, patriotic, self-sacrificing, prompt in defense of the rights of the people, and loyal to the government and its written code.

Mr. Hascall ever was a staunch friend and a liberal contributor to the various religious, educational, and public enterprises of the locality, especially interesting himself in the education of young men, many of whom will remember him gratefully for his timely aid and good counsels.

While a traveler he proved to be a close and a wise observer of the intellectual, moral, social, and political aspects of the Old World, and his published letters prove him to have been well fitted for the difficult duties of a foreign correspondent.

Of the religious aspect of his character, it is enough to say here that his philosophical nature was too well balanced and too sweet to accept either infidelity or atheism, and it was too broad to permit him to be a sectary or a bigot; he was an earnest, unsectarian believer in the divinity and teachings of Jesus Christ. His religious faith, which sustained him to the end with the sure hope of a blessed immortality beyond, enabled him to bear nearly twenty years of suffering and baffled hopes with a patience and a forbearance that won the admiration of all around him.

But it was in his social life, among those he loved and whose tastes were congenial, that his best qualities were most fully displayed. It was here, too, where he was most fully appreciated, that he was most respected and most loved. It has already been said of him that he was greater than he seemed, and it was in the easy abandon of private life, and wheu conversing on some congenial topic, that his native mental power was most fully displayed; it was here that the wealth of his knowledge was unreservedly exposed; it was here that his inner and true life was shown to be much richer and greater than that outer life which was known to the world. Those who knew him here knew the man; to all others he was, and will remain, relatively a stranger.

his boyhood, on the farm, and subsequently as a merchant's clerk, he learned that success in life depended mainly on industry and correct habits. Leaving his native town, he spent some time as a clerk in Albany, thence moving to Jefferson Co., N. Y., where he was engaged for himself and others in farming and merchandising. During the war of 1812 he joined the army, and served at Sacket's Harbor and places on the St. Lawrence River, under the immediate command of Gen. Jacob Brown. For his military service he has received from the United States one hundred and sixty acres of bounty land, and is now in the receipt of a pension for said service. He emigrated to Michigan in 1836, and was first engaged in erecting mills and improving a large body of land in Berrien County. From thence he moved to Kalamazoo, and was there associated with Hiram Arnold and Charles A. Sheldon in merchandising and shipping wheat to an Eastern market. Until within a few years Gen. Moffatt has been actively engaged in business pursuits, and by his untiring industry secured a competence for his coming years. He was receiver of public moneys at the district land-office under President Tyler. His ancestors and relatives have been somewhat remarkable for length of life, his grandfather dying at the age of one hundred years and five months, his father at the age of ninety-five years, and three of his sisters are now living (1879), aged respectively seventy-three, seventy-four, and eighty-one years.

HIRAM ARNOLD

has been intimately identified with the business interests of Kalamazoo for more than forty years, and a brief sketch of his life at this time will be appropriate.

He was born in Brownsville, Jefferson Co., N. Y., July 14, 1808. When fifteen years of age he engaged, as clerk in a store, to learn the mercantile business; this he continued until 1836. At this time he had saved from his earnings one thousand dollars. Thinking he could establish himself better in a new country, he joined the tide of emigration then setting West, and chanced to locate at Kalamazoo, in July, 1836, where he engaged in the mercantile business, which he continued some twenty years under various names and firms. In 1840 he was associated with C. A. Sheldon and Gen. Moffatt in the general mercantile business. Their transactions were quite extensive; they received their goods from Buffalo by water at the mouth of the St. Joseph River, and by team from there. At that time farm products had only a local demand and were very low. Wheat had a nominal value of three shillings per bushel, but was not a cash article. To accommodate the farmers, this firm received their wheat, teamed it to the mouth of the river, and shipped it to Buffalo. This enterprise was undertaken in 1840, which was the first shipment of wheat from Kalamazoo.

In 1855, Mr. Arnold withdrew from the mercantile business and engaged in banking. In 1859 he retired to his farm, some two miles north of the village, and built a fine residence, with pleasant surroundings, where he has since resided.

Mr. Arnold was married Oct. 16, 1831, at Brownsville, N. Y., to Betsey Woodbury Massey, daughter of Edward Massey, who died when she was a child. She was adopted and grew up in the family of Solon Massey, of Watertown, N. Y., who was a son of Deacon Hart Massey, of Watertown, N. Y. She died Aug. 17, 1879, leaving six children, two having died in infancy. Mrs. Arnold was an active and consistent member of St. Luke's Episcopal Church of Kalamazoo from its organization.

Politically, Mr. Arnold has ever been a Democrat, but not a politician, although he has held several offices of trust and honor, among them that of president of the village, and now, after an active and industrious life of threescore years and ten, he looks back with the satisfaction of having acted well his part. He enjoys a well-earned competency and the respect of all.

GEORGE TORREY

was born in Salem, Mass., in 1801. After receiving a liberal education he embarked in mercantile pursuits, in which business he continued until 1832, when he resolved to go West. He came to Michigan in 1833, and was so well pleased with the country that he brought his family (with the exception of one son, who was sent to attend school with his uncle, Professor Joseph Torrey, at Burlington, Vt.) to Richland, in Kalamazoo County.

After a trial of farming for a year or more, he removed to Yorkville and engaged in the dry-goods business. At this place his wife died in 1839, and he soon after removed to Augusta village, where he purchased mill property. In 1844 he removed to Kalamazoo village, where, in company with H. B. Miller, he engaged in the publication of the

Kalamazoo Telegraph, which had been established in September of that year by Mr. Miller.

In 1845 he purchased Mr. Miller's interest in the paper, and soon after associated with him in the business Mr. William Milliken. This partnership continued until the autumn of 1846, when it was dissolved, and Mr. Milliken, contrary to agreement, as Mr. Torrey claimed, established another paper in the village, which he also named the Telegraph. During the following winter the two papers appealed to the people for support, each claiming to be the genuine Telegraph. This condition of things continued for a short period, to the pecuniary loss of both publishers, when the warfare was ended by Mr. Alexander J. Sheldon, who purchased the interests of both Mr. Torrey and Mr. Milliken, and consolidated the two under one name.

In 1850, Mr. Torrey was appointed light-house keeper at Grand Haven, Mich., where he remained four years, when he removed to the location of the Holland Company, where he had an extensive interest in pine-lands. Here he erected a mill and carried on the lumber business in connection with other parties. In the summer of 1854 he was taken ill, and while on his way to Kalamazoo, accompanied by Dr. Marsh, died at Chicago, and his remains. were brought to Kalamazoo, where his son George resided, and interred in Mountain Home Cemetery.

Mr. Torrey was a member of one of the oldest New England families, and was a man of fine literary accomplishments, of a genial nature, and a useful member of society. He was editor of the Telegraph from 1844 until 1850, and in many ways contributed to the development and growth of Western Michigan. He came of a family which for generations had been noted in literary circles, and many of whom had held high rank in theological, literary, and other professional pursuits. His compositions, both in prose and verse, were marked with elegance of diction, purity of expression, and force and clearness of

utterance.

As a pioneer he was among the first in the county, and an ever-willing helper in all work tending to the development and promotion of the best interests of the community. For years he was organist in St. Luke's Church, of which he was a member, and in many ways contributed to the building up of society and to the progress of Kalamazoo, which he loved and took great pride in,—no man ever more So. Three sons and one daughter survive him.

ORRIN N. GIDDINGS

was born in Beekman, Dutchess Co., N. Y., Feb. 21, 1814, and left home at the early age of fifteen, going to Poughkeepsie to learn general business, and remaining there until he was about twenty-two years of age. At that time he married a daughter of the late Ambrose Cock, and during the same year in company with his father-in-law and family removed to Michigan, arriving at Charleston, in this county, in June, 1836, where, in company with a brotherin-law, he erected a store-building and carried on a general mercantile business combined with farming until 1840; from which date until 1847 he continued at farming, when he removed to Augusta, taking charge of a store there until