EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS: 1950, 1949, AND 1947
would be disclosed for individual companies in any year, (b) survey estimates are inconsistent with other
(columns A and G) or "Value added by manufacture" (columns F and J) exceeds 15 percent. Standard errors
industry are usually of the same general magnitude as the standard errors shown for employment and value
errors considerably in excess of 15 percent.)

26 Paper and allied products...

29,674 $107,378 28 Chemicals and allied products.

25,372 56,356 $85,759 $242,533 5,102 20,318

3,061 29 Petroleum and coal products.....

6,214 10,061 (s)

58,995 (s) (8) (s) (8)

(s) 31 Leather and leather products....

20,788
59,762

18,111 33 Primary metal Industries....

35,192 45,940 82,996 23,965 93,557 20,277 43,226

74,043 34 Fabricated metal products...

148,944 36,764 134,179 29,754 35 Machinery (except electrical)

63,786 96,456 82,499

238,088

311,282 36 Electrical machinery.....

63,736 128,320 215,456 539,722

28,962 101,880 37 Transportation equipment...

22,131 45,654

70,787

179,600 36,024 132,271 38 Instruments and related products...

30,992

63,558

110,789 240,092 6,230

20,872 39 Miscellaneous manufactures........

5,113 10,045 16,267 33,559 8,417 23,903

6,992 14,420 17,988 48,593 Bwithheld because the estimate did not meet publication standards, either on the basis of the associated standard error of estimate or on the basis of consistency review,

?The averages for 1950 and 1949 are based on employment reported for the four pay periods ending nearest the 15th of March, May, August, and November. The figures do not include employees reported separately at central administrative offices and auxiliary establishments. The 1949 number of such employees in each State of this Geographic Division 18 shown below. The approximated 1949 annual total pay roll shown was derived by multiplying by four the first quarter 1949 taxable pay roll figures listed in the joint Census-BOASI publication, "County Business Patterns." OASI program data for 1950 were not available for this publication.

Administrative and auxiliary

2value of products less cost of materials, supplies, fuel, electric energy, and contract work.

3 The percentage standard errors shown in this column indicate the difference that can be expected between the estimates and comparable complete canvass totals, because of sampling fluctuations. The estimates will differ from the complete totals by less than:

1) The percentage shown: approximately 2 times out of 3
11) Twice the percentage shown: approximately 19 times out of 20

(111) Three times the percentage shown: almost always sThe Annual Survey estimates for industry group 24, "Lumber and wood products, except furniture," tend to be understated because of incomplete coverage of logging camps and logging contractors not operating sawmills (Standard Industrial Classification Industry 2411). This undercoverage is estimated at less than 5 percent.

SThe 1950 and 1949 figures for major group 24 are not strictly comparable with 1947 data. In 1947 only sawmills that produced more than 200,000 board feet of lumber were required to report the information shown in this table, whereas in 1950 and 1949 it was requested of all sawmills. It is estimated that all mills in the United States producing less than 200,000 board feet account for approximately 3 percent of total employment for major group 24. No estimate has been made of the importance of these small mills for individual States or Geographic Divisions.