up to $900. Then for five years efficient service, they get an extra $50 up to $1,200 a year, and quite a number are on the rolls at $1,200 a year. The paper said nothing about pensions for faithful service on the part of state employees. Such a pension is given in Massachusetts and in some other states, and it ought to be in all the states. A few weeks ago I investigated the work in England and Scotland. After fourteen years of faithful service there, a man is entitled to a pension, and after twenty years the pension amounts to three-fourths pay. And that cannot be touched for debt nor for anything. Prison officers, like firemen in our cities, should be pensioned. The police are pensioned in some cities. You are to visit the Eastern Penitentiary, and I will ask you to give it your best attention. You will find some features that may be safely adopted in all prisons, i. e., a small section of detached cells separate and alone. That is the best thing for degenerates who are the puzzle and bugaboo of all prisons. They do more mischief than all the efforts of chaplains and physicians can undo.

PRESIDENT HENDERSON.-It is our good fortune to have with us one of the representatives of the southern portion of our great and united nation. I want him to feel that we are looking on with sympathy at the effort that the brave and patient band of prison reformers and philanthropists in the South are making, lawyers, judges, physicians, editors, and ministers, who are determined in their own way, with a far better knowledge of the conditions of success, with a far better knowledge of the difficulties of the position than we people can have-are honestly and earnestly and with tremendous self-sacrifice of which we have no conception, are endeavoring to do right by the colored man and the prisoner. I think I can say that this view of the situation is growing among us. We do not expect from them any more than from ourselves, perfect success. We are glad to have one who represents that band of the faithful here, and to listen to his message in regard to the new, hopeful, and inspiring movement towards prison reform in the state where once the great Livingston taught the higher principles of the prison movement, one who belongs to the same profession, a great and learned profession.

GENERAL BRINKERHOFF.-Politics ought to be banished from the prison. It is a great drawback in the conduct of our prisons throughout the country, as it prevents permanency in manage

ment. How it is to be reached I do not know. I am glad to hear the report from Louisiana. Probably nobody has made more of a study of the prison question in the South than I have. Twentytwo years ago when I was president of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections, I entered into a correspondence to ascertain the condition of the corrections and charities of the South. I wrote hundreds of letters. I got the whole history so far as I could. It was published in the report for 1880. Later I visited the South personally, every single state south of Mason and Dixon's line.

When I entered into this investigation twenty-two years ago, every state had the lease system. It was a necessary system at that time. Great complaint was made about it in the North by people who knew nothing about it, but it was a necessity. The slaves had been freed and immediately crime began among them, and they needed treatment. Under the old slave system the negroes were controlled by their masters. Immediately after the war, when these negro criminals were thrown on society, what could they do with them? The South had no prisons and no money, and they did the best they could; they chose the lease system. The convicts were put out to contractors who gave so much a year for their service. It was a bad system. The death rate was tremendous. But the southern people have begun to improve on that system. There never was a people that met the conditions into which they were thrown more bravely and more kindly than the South. I know the South thoroughly. I was in Tennessee four years when a young man. It was a noble civilization in many ways. It had its faults, and slavery was one, but none deprecated slavery more than some of the large slave holders themselves. The lease system was established everywhere. To-day I think there are but two or three states where it prevails. In Texas, and some other states the convicts are provided for on plantations. They are carefully supervised and there is great progress everywhere. There are no more honorable people than southern white people. They are more religious than we are in the North. They love God and humanity, and they can be trusted to settle this problem. I have been in Louisiana several times, and I have a friend whom I love and admire, Michael Heyman. There is no man more intelligent in prison work, nor more devoted. He has gathered 'round him a body of intelligent,

faithful men in their prison association. I think that association. is doing more hard work than any prison association in the United States. I do not except even New York. A few years ago we had an adjourned session of the Prison Congress in New Orleans. The result was seen in advance all along the line. The South is coming to the front and it is going to rise in every direction. I have faith in the future and the South. The time is not far off when in that part of the country we shall find the sheet anchor of the republic. They are all American people there.

PRESIDENT HENDERSON.-We hope Judge Marr will carry our affectionate regards to Mr. Heyman.

WARDEN J. S. MANN, Superintendent State Prison, Raleigh, North Carolina.-I wish to express my grateful feeling for the justice that has been done to us by General Brinkerhoff.

WEDNESDAY-MORNING SESSION.

The Congress was called to order at 10 A. M. by the President. Prayer was offered by CHAPLAIN S. W. THOMPSON, of Joliet, Illinois.

An invitation to visit the printing plant of the North American was given and accepted with thanks.

The following resolution was offered and referred without debating to the board of directors:"

Resolved, That the President be authorized to appoint a standing committee on Sanitation, which shall consist of three members and report yearly to the Congress.

The following resolution was offered by the REV. D. J. STARR:

Resolved, That the chaplains of the state penal institutions and the secretaries of the state boards of charities in the several states in the United States and Canada, are hereby appointed to secure, as far as possible, the observance of the last Sabbath of October as Prison Sunday in the churches of their respective territories, and that to encourage such observance they are requested to disseminate information on the questions vital to the prevention of crime.

The PRESIDENT stated that Archbishop Ryan had been invited to address the Association at the evening meeting, and read the following reply:

September 17, 1902.

Mr. Charles Richmond Henderson, President of National Prison

Association:

DEAR SIR:

Your kind invitation to Archbishop Ryan to address your Association now assembled in annual convention in this city has arrived during his absence. Permit me to thank you for it in his name, and to assure you that he would be very glad to address

the delegates if he were at home. He is deeply interested in your work, and has observed with admiration the great good that you are doing.

Sincerely yours,

JAMES P. TURNER,
Chancellor.

MR. CHARLTON T. LEWIS.-This matter of criminal identification assumes the highest importance. You are all familiar with the strictly scientific basis on which the practice of identification has been placed by the Bertillon system. I therefore beg to submit the following resolution:

Resolved, That a committee be authorized and requested, in behalf of the National Prison Association, to prepare, sign and present to the Congress of the United States a memorial setting. forth the necessity and value of a national bureau of criminal identification, and petitioning for the passage of a law providing for its organization, conduct and support.

MR. EDWARD S. WRIGHT.—The matter referred to in the resolution offered by MR. LEWIS has been before this Association five times. In 1889 a vote was passed asking Congress to take action on it. Since then I have been chairman of the committee twice to urge the same action. I hope the resolution will be passed at once by this body. It is a matter of supreme importance. President Rutherford B. Hayes spoke most earnestly in its behalf when he was with us. The house of representatives has made a favorable report on it. I ask not only for the passage of this resolution this morning, but that a committee of three named from the floor-of whom I beg not to be one-be appointed to aid Colonel Sylvester in this work. Passed.

The Secretary asked that a committee on the Bertillon system should also be appointed. This was accepted by Mr. Lewis as an amendment and the motion was then unanimously adopted, and the committee made up as follows, viz.: R. W. McClaughry, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; Albert Garvin, Wethersfield, Connecticut; Charles K. Baker, Albany, New York; E. J. Murphy, Joliet, Illinois; John L. McDonnell, Detroit, Michigan.

Report of the standing committee on discharged prisoners was made by HON. A. W. BUTLER, secretary of the state board of charities, Indianapolis, Indiana: