1778.

and of the said states; and between the countries, islands, February 6. cities, and towns, situate under the jurisdiction of the most christian king, and of the said United States, and the people and inhabitants of every degree, without exception of persons or places; and the terms hereinafter mentioned shall be perpetual between the most christian king, his heirs, and successors, and the said United States.

Favors of commerce &c. gran

mon to the U.

ART. 2. The most christian king and the United States ented to other na- gage mutually not to grant any particular favor to other nations to be com- tions, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not S. and France, immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same favor, freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional.

on the same conditions.

French subjects

to enjoy in the ports of the U..

fits allowed to the most favored nations.

ART. 3. The subjects of the most christian king shall pay in the ports, havens, roads, countries, islands, cities, or towns, S. in relation to of the United States, or any of them, no other or greater duduties & rights, the same bene- ties, or imposts, of what nature soever they may be, or by what name soever called, than those which the nations most favored are or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities, and exemptions in trade, navigation, and commerce, whether in passing from one port in the said states to another, or in going to and from the same, from and to any part of the world, which the said nations do or shall enjoy.

U.S. citizens to enjoy in the

benefits allow

ART. 4. The subjects, people, and inhabitants of the said ports of France United States, and each of them, shall not pay in the ports, in Europe, the havens, roads, isles, cities, and places under the domination ed to the most of his most christian majesty, in Europe, any other or greater favored nations, duties or imposts, of what nature soever they may be, or by ties and rights what name soever called, than those which the most favored

relative to du

of trade.

Exemption of 100 sols per ton, except in the

French coasting trade.

nations are or shall be obliged to pay, and they shall enjoy all the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities, and exemptions in trade, navigation, and commerce, whether in passing from one port in the said dominions, in Europe, to another, or in going to and from the same, from and to any part of the world, which the said nations do or shall enjoy.

ART. 5. In the above exemption is particularly comprised the imposition of one hundred sols per ton, established in France on foreign ships; unless when the ships of the United States shall load with the merchandise of France for another port of the same dominion, in which case the said ships shall berty to estab- pay the duty above mentioned so long as other nations, the most favored, shall be obliged to pay it. But it is understood

The U. S. at li

lish counter

vailing duties.

1778.

des dits états, comme aussi entre les peuples, isles, villes et places situès sous la jurisdiction du roi très chrétien et des February 6. dits Etats Unis, et entre leurs peuples et habitants de toutes les classes, sans aucune exception de personnes et de lieux; les conditions mentionées au present traité seront perpetuelles et permanentes entre le roi très chrétien, ses héritiers et successeurs, et les dits Etats Unis.

ART. 2. Le roi très chrétien et les Etats Unis s'engagent mutuellement à n'accorder aucune faveur particulière à d'autres nations, en fait de commerce et de navigation, qui ne devienne aussitôt commune à l'autre partie, et celle-ce jouira de cette faveur gratuitement, si la concession est gratuite, ou en accordant la même compensation, si la concession est conditionelle.

ART. 3. Le sujets du roi très chrétien ne païeront dans les ports, havres, rades, contrées, isles, cites et lieux des Etats Unis, ou d'aucun d'entr'eux, d'autres ni plus grands droits ou impôts, de quelque nature qu'ils puissent être, et quelque nom qu'ils puissent avoir, que ceux que les nations les plus favorisées sont, ou seront tenuës de païer; et ils jouiront de tous les droits, libertés, privileges, immunités et exemptions en fait de négoce, navigation et commerce, soit en passant d'un port des dits états à un autre; soit en y allant ou en revenant de quelque partie ou pour quelque partie du monde que ce soit, dont les dites nations jouissent ou jouiront.

ART. 4. Les sujets, peuples et habitans des dits Etats Unis et de chacun d'iceux, ne païeront dans les ports, hâvres, rades, isles, villes et places de la domination de sa majesté très chrétienne en Europe, d'autres ni plus grands droits ou impôts de quelque nature qu'ils puissent être et quelque nom qu'ils puissent avoir que les nations les plus favorisées sont, ou seront tenues depaïer, et ils jouiront de tous les droits, libertés, privileges, immunités et exemptions en fait de négoce, navigation et commerce soit en pussant d'un port à un autre des dits états du roi très chrétien en Europe, soit en y allant ou en revenant de quelque partie ou pour quelque partie du monde que ce soit, dont les nations susdites jouissent ou jouiront.

ART. 5. Dans l'exemtion cidessus est nommément compris l'imposition de cent sous par tonneau établie en France sur les navires étrangers, si ce n'est lorsque les navires des Etats Unis chargeront des marchandises de France, dans un port de France; pour un autre port de la même domination auquel cas les dits navires des dits Etats Unis acquiteront le droit dont il s'agit aussi long tems que les autres nations les plus

1778. February 6.

that the said United States, or any of them, are at liberty, when they shall judge it proper, to establish a duty equivalent in the same case.

Vessels &c. be

citizens to be

protected in French ports,

and by French ships of war, whilst in com

pany.

ART. 6. The most christian king shall endeavor, by all the longing to U.S. means in his power, to protect and defend all vessels and the effects belonging to the subjects, people, or inhabitants of the said United States, or any of them, being in his ports, havens. or roads, or on the seas near to his countries, islands, cities, or towns; and to recover and restore to the right owners, their agents or attorneys, all such vessels and effects, which shall be taken within his jurisdiction; and the ships of war of his most christian majesty, or any convoy sailing under his authority, shall, upon all occasions, take under their protection. all vessels belonging to the subjects, people or inhabitants of the said United States, or any of them, and holding the same course, or going the same way, and shall defend such vessels as long as they hold the same course, or go the same way, against all attacks, force, and violence, in the same manner as they ought to protect and defend the vessels belonging to the subjects of the most christian king.

French vessels

&c. to be pro

tected by the armed vessels

of the U. States.

The French king to employ

with the Barba

States.

ART. 7. In like manner, the said United States, and their ships of war, sailing under their authority, shall protect and defend, conformable to the tenor of the preceding article, all the vessels and effects belonging to the subjects of the most christian king, and use all their endeavors to recover, and cause to be restored, the said vessels and effects that shall have been taken within the jurisdiction of the said United States, or any of them.

ART. 8. The most christian king will employ his good his good offices offices and interposition with the king or emperor of Morocco ry powers, in or Fez, the regencies of Algier, Tunis, and Tripoli, or with behalf of the U. any of them; and also with every other prince, state, or power, of the coast of Barbary, in Africa, and the subjects of the said 'king, emperor, states, and powers, and each of them, in order to provide as fully and efficaciously as possible for the benefit, conveniency, and safety of the said United States, and each of them, their subjects, people, and inhabitants, and their vessels and effects, against all violence, insult, attacks, or depredations, on the part of the said princes, and states of Barbary, or their subjects.

1778,

favorisées seront obligées de l'acquiter. Bien entendu qu'il sera libre aux dits Etats Unis, ou à aucun d'iceux, d'établir, February 6. quand ils le jugeront àpropos, un droit equivalent à celui dont il est question pour le même cas pour lequel il est établi dans les ports de sa majesté très chrétienne.

ART. 6. Le roi très chrétien fera usage de tous les moïens qui sont en son pouvoir, pour protéger et defendre tous les vaisseaux et effets appartenants aux sujets, peuples et habitans des dits Etats Unis et de chacun d'iceux, qui seront dans ses ports, havres, ou rades, ou dans les mers près de ces pays, contrées, isles, villes et places, et fera tous ses efforts pour recouvrer et faire restituer aux propriétaires légitimes, leurs agens ou mandataires, tous les vaisseaux et efféts qui leur seront pris dans l'éntenduë de sa jurisdiction: Et les vaisseaux de guerre de sa majesté très chrétienne ou les convois quelconques faisant voile sous son autorité, prendront, en toute occasion, sous leur protection tous les vaisseaux appartenants aux sujets, peuples et habitans des dits Etats Unis ou d'aucun d'iceux, les quels tiendront le même cours, et feront la même route, et ils defendront les dits vaisseaux aussi long-tems qu'ils tiendront le même cours et suivront la même route, contre toute attaque force ou violence de la même manière qu'ils sont tenus de défendre et de protéger les vaisseaux appartenans aux sujets de sa majesté très chrétienne.

ART. 7. Pareillement les dits Etats Unis et leurs vaisseaux de guerre faisant voile sous leur autorité protégeront et défendront conformément au contenu de l'article précédent, tous les vaisseaux et effets appartenants aux sujets du roi très chrétien et feront tous leurs efforts pour recouvrer et faire restituer les dits vaisseaux et effets qui auront été pris dans l'étenduë de la jurisdiction des dits Etats et de chacun d'iceux.

ART. 8. Le roi très chrétien emploïera ses bons cffices et son entremise auprès des roi ou empereur de Maroc ou Fez, des régences d'Alger, Tunis et Tripoli, ou auprès aucune d'entr'elles ainsi qu'auprès de tout autre prince, état, ou puissance des côtes de Barbarie en Afrique, et des sujets des dits roi, empereur, états et puissance, et de chacun d'iceux, à l'effect de pourvoir aussi pleinement et aussi efficacement qu'il sera possible à l'avantage commodité et sûreté des dits Etats Unis et de chacun d'iceux, ainsi que de leurs sujects, peuples et habitans, leurs vaisseaux et effets, contre toute violence, insulte attaque, ou déprédations de la part des dits princes et états Barbaresques ou de leurs sujets.

1778. February 6.

ART. 9. The subjects, inhabitants, merchants, commanders of ships, masters, and mariners, of the states, provinces, and dominions of each party respectively, shall abstain and forFishing reci- bear to fish in all places possessed, or which shall be possessed, procally prohibited to each by the other party; the most christian king's subjects shall party, in places not fish in the havens, bays, creeks, roads, coasts, or places, occupied for that purpose by which the said United States hold, or shall hereafter hold, the other, &c. and in like manner the subjects, people, and inhabitants of the said United States, shall not fish in the havens, bays, creeks, roads, coasts, or places, which the most christian king possesses, or shall hereafter possess; and if any ship or vessel shall be found fishing contrary to the tenor of this treaty, the said Prohibitions in ship or vessel, with its lading, proof being made thereof, shall ing, to be gov- be confiscated; it is however understood that the exclusion stierned by indul- pulated in the present article, shall take place only so long, to other nations. and so far as the most christian king, or the United States, shall not in this respect, have granted an exemption to some other nation.

relation to fish

gences granted

The rights of

on the banks of

ART. 10. The United States, their citizens and inhabitants, France to be re- shall never disturb the subjects of the most christian king in the spected by the U. States with enjoyment and exercise of the right of fishing on the banks regard to fishing of Newfoundland, nor in the indefinite and exclusive right Newfoundland, which belongs to them on that part of the coast of that island ed, by the trea- which is designed by the treaty of Utrecht, nor in the rights ties of Utrecht relative to all and each of the isles which belong to his most christian majesty, the whole conformable to the true sense of the treaties of Utrecht and Paris. (1)

&c. as establish

and Paris.

(1) See end of treaty, page 56. (2) Vide the

same.

exempt from the law of escheat, in case

French sub

(2) ART. 11. The subjects and inhabitants of the said United States or any one of them, shall not be reputed aubins in France, and consequently shall be exempted from the droit United States' d'aubaine, or other similar duty, under what name soever. citizens to be They may by testament, donation, or otherwise dispose of their goods, moveable and immoveable, in favor of such persons as of dying aliens to them shall seem good, and their heirs, subjects of the said in France and United States, residing whether in France or elsewhere, may succeed them ab intestat, without being obliged to obtain letters of naturalization, and without having the effect of this concession contested or impeded under pretext of any rights or prerogatives of provinces, cities, or private persons; and the said heirs, whether such by particular title, or ab intestat shall be exempt from all duty called droit de detraction, or other duty of the same kind, saving, nevertheless, the local rights or duties as much, and as long as similar ones are not established by the United States, or any of them. The subjects of the most christian king shall enjoy on their part in all the dominions

jects to enjoy the same pri vilege in the U. States.