rather than delay the opening, things were taken as they were. "The stumps of trees still remained standing at the very threshold. It was only by the most strenuous exertions that the chapel was made ready.... Boards were laid upon joists for the dinner party of the day;" and of the three thousand visitors who attended the inauguration, many slept in their carriages and "carryalls" that night. "One hundred and fifty students entered on the afternoon of the inauguration. The dining boards were swept, and the examination papers laid on them, and these alternate ceremonies of eating and examining went on for two or three days; and the company of young people took possession of the unfinished building as far as windows were glazed and doors hung."

The classes were opened at once, but only eight of the candidates were found qualified even to begin the College course; the rest of the students being draughted into the various divisions of the Preparatory Department.

The enthusiasm of both teachers and pupils. was needed to carry them through the first discomforts, but by degrees things got into

some order, though laughable anecdotes are told of the incidents that occurred meanwhile.

"One day a lady professor was arrested on her entrance to the hall by a hog of unusual dimensions, which made his watery bed where a doorstep should have been. She looked at it in dismay for a moment, and then tripped over it as if it had been a bridge!"-"The Ohio pigs could not be prevented from walking through the dining-room, as there were no fences around the College buildings, no doors to the hall, and no appointed homes for the animals!"—"The seats at the tables were round four-legged stools, and Mr. Mann would not have a chair for himself, even after some of the ladies of the teaching corps ventured on that innovation."

Mr. Mann seems at once to have taken a high stand with regard to the moral tone which he desired should prevail in the College, and, following the example of Arnold, he laid great stress on self-government and mutual guardianship by the students themselves; instituting a "Code of Honour," which engaged the students to "co-operate with the government of the institution," and which deprecated

their being "tempted or constrained to connive at offences or to screen them from punishment." How far his plans and injunctions. led to tale-bearing it is difficult to ascertain; I have heard very contradictory reports on this point, as also with regard to the number of punishments and expulsions resulting from his strict discipline.

That his personal feelings led him to be exceptionally severe to the "foul-mouthed vice of using tobacco" seems clear, but that he secured the personal affections of many students is no less evident, and I have never heard any one dispute that his aims were of the highest.

The question of admitting coloured students came before Antioch as before Oberlin and Hillsdale, and the decision here was no less firm, nor the opposition less bitter. Money loss undoubtedly came on the College from this resolute stand for equality of race as of sex, and money loss could ill be afforded by it in those early days. The "scholarship principle" which has so impoverished Oberlin, and in a less degree Hillsdale, found root also at Antioch. Large numbers of scholar

ships were sold, but much of the money was sunk in building, and there was no adequate fund from which to pay the teachers. In 1857 Mr. Mann states that "the College has been running deeper and deeper into debt ever since it was founded: the basis was rotten."

At the end of this year the scholarship system came to the ground with a crash, and the College property had to be transferred for the payment of its debts, the whole thing starting anew on the principle of cash payment (still very low) for tuition.

The reputation already attained by the College is proved by the small diminution of numbers consequent on this change.

The energetic

exertions and manifold anxieties of Mr. Mann told on him in time, and in August, 1859, he died, still at his post among his students.

He was succeeded by Dr. Hill, (now President of Harvard, the leading University of America,) who retained the presidency till 1862, when the College department was closed at Antioch in consequence of renewed pecuniary difficulties and of the dispersion of

very many of the young men in obedience to the President's demand for troops for the war.

It was not till September, 1865, that the College proper was re-opened under a provisional presidency and a reinforced body of professors. It is only within the last few weeks (in September, 1866) that a President has been appointed, and the College is now once more in full operation, though of course having lost much by its enforced suspension for three years.

During this interval the preparatory classes were still carried on by a small staff of teachers and with a limited number of pupils, whose ranks will now probably increase rapidly.

At the time of our visit to Antioch (October, 1865) the College department had only been re-opened about a month, and everything was in a rather chaotic condition. No matron had been appointed for the Ladies' Hall, but one of the married Professors had a room there, and his wife was considered to have a presiding influence over the boarders, though no special duties or powers were entrusted to her. A stewardess or housekeeper took charge