instructors were not paid and had often to pay the schoolhouse rent out of their own pockets, should now be derogated as pernicious, for evident reasons, stated by this government to the secretary of justice and public instruction in a recent communication on this subject.

After the 1st of August several free night schools have been started in the munici. pal schools, and one for adults of both sexes, with especial funds derived from the hygiene section. Besides these, a new school for boys and girls has been established in the asylum for destitute children.

The following table shows the personnel, salaries, expenses for stationery, and house rent in all the schools of this province:

PRESERVATION OF ORDER-LOCAL POLICE, RURAL GUARDS-NUMBER OF TROOPS REQUIRED.

Public order has been vastly improved during the last three months, but it is not quite perfect yet, owing in great part to the fact that the special municipal police, divided in many different bodies under the direction of the various alcaldes, men, for the most part, of insufficient capacity for this arduous task, meets with numerous difficulties, costs much, as will be shown by the table given below, and fails to give the satisfaction that was expected.

This is an eminently rural province, a vast tract of land with a population scattered over many villages and hamlets without any solution of continuity, and, therefore, the chief requisite in its police force should be unity of action and organization. For this reason it is wise and urgent to reform it, fusing into one body these different sections, by the creation of the rural police, as planned by General Davis and approved by General Brooke, which, being commanded by one chief and under the control of the civil governor, would possess the necessary unity, cost much less, and produce better results.

The municipal police that was on duty in this province previous to the organization of the special police, which is considered a rural force because it is mainly composed of cavalry, is the following:

The special municipal police organized during the months of June and July last draw the following salaries : 6 inspectors

$450.00 47 sergeants..

1,890.00 230 mounted guards.

8,050.00 31 infantry ...

930.00

11, 310.00

Total .....
Monthly cost of municipal police at the present moment
Government police

Total...

12,792.92 2,258.00

15, 050.92

Economy

3,999.00 The government police is the most efficacious of all; it is distributed throughout the province in the following way:

It was the only force to maintain order and peace in the province during the first six months of the present year, and it was equal, in its efficiency, to the difficult task.

From Artemisa to the extreme west, and from La Palma (Consolación del Norte) to the south coast, law was obeyed and order was nearly perfect.

I earnestly request the department commander not to abolish this organization, which can not be bettered by any other, and is, besides, composed of the most worthy sons of this region. Very respectfully,

GUILLERMO Dolz,

Civil Governor. PINAR DEL Río, September 13, 1899.

Civil GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCE OF Habana,

Habana, September 15, 1899. Maj. Gen. JOAN BROOKE,

Governor-General, Habana. Sir: With the present information, I have the honor to forward to you a detailed statement of the data requested from this civil government by Generals Lee and Ludlow, in their respective communications of the 18th and 21st of August, and to whom I also gave an account for what it refers to territories of this province, which are comprised in their military departments.

From the comparative study of the summaries of said statement it is deducted that the general situation of this province has been notably improved from January 1 to August 31 in all branches of its industry, agriculture, commerce, public instruction, beneficence, means of communication, etc., notwithstanding the scarcity of resources felt and which is still to be contended with, together with the lack of confidence prevailing until lately, in the fear that public order, the basis of the reconstruction and development of public wealth, could be altered. The state of disorganization and pauperism, in which all the municipalities of the

WAR 99—VOL 1, PT 6- -23

province were left, until recently, when they were reorganized, almost in every instance by the undersigned, has been the cause why the mentioned developments in the public service are not more extensive, as regards the municipalities of this province, outside the city of Habana, which from the very first moment obtained by its exceptional importance all possible protection in both money and efforts from superior

authorities. With the establishment of the municipal police, following closely the mustering out of the Cuban army, the reorganization of the municipalities, and the financial help received recently by them from the general treasury, in order to cover the deficits accrued during the last two quarters of the fiscal year 1898–99, it can be said that the government and administration of this province enter fully into its normal functions, which are expected to bear good results, especially if the following indications are attended to and practiced.

First. To reorganize the municipal police as regards their uniformity in armaments, accouterment, instruction, and salaries, allowing a certain amount for the purpose, which altogether will not greatly exceed what has been already assigned by all municipalities, leaving to the mayor the direction of their respective forces, and appointing a general inspector, whose duty would be to regulate and watch over everything that may be common to the different sections of that department.

Second. To continue covering from the general treasury the deficits resulting from the municipalities until they may be able to obtain by the development of their resources what may be necessary for their self-support.

Third. To enact and enforce a municipal law which will clearly define the attributions of the municipalities and another law of civil and administrative character in connection with the former, which would also state definitely the power and obligations of the civil government.

Fourth. To reduce to one military department the province of Habana, leaving to one military authority the right of supreme inspection, and to the civil authority the right of intervention and initiative in the government of the province as it may be entitled to by the laws to which reference is made hereof.

By these means the services could be regulated, and the uncertainty of the functions corresponding to each one, which determines now a great increase of work, with little or no profit, stops all the energies and initiatives of those that govern as well as of those which are governed, always fearing by lack of a common criterion and a legal direction by which to be guided to involuntarily err and to frustrate the best efforts to improve all conditions would cease; it would show the capacity of the Cuban people to govern itself, as they have demonstrated their prudent and sensible qualities to be governed in the several critical periods undergone during the last months and would simplify the work of the American authorities by conveying to each one more moral peace, more confidence, and more love toward them, as it would tend to make all feelings of distrust and susceptibilities disappear, which are easily irritated through interference in local affairs which the popular sentiment, bearing in mind the state of profound peace and tranquillity that exists, believes now unjustifiable.

I enter into this order of considerations because they can not be suggested by figures and data comprised in inclosed statement, and because I consider my duty to make known to the American authorities the daily impressions, which in my political, social, and administrative capacity, by virtue of my present position, I gather from the authorities and the people of this province in order that the intervening Government may know the real situation of this territory in its fullest form, and that it may use all proper influence in the most proper direction with respect to further resolutions, bearing in mind that this province by its density of population, by its great number of public, social, commercial, agricultural, industrial, scientific, and beneficial centers, etc., can be considered as the genuine exponent of the general situation of Cuba. Respectfully,

J. Rius RIVERA,

Civil Gorernor.