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In witness whereof we the undersigned, Plenipotentiaries of his Britannic Majesty and of his Royal Highness the Prince Re gent of Portugal, in virtue of our respective full powers, have signed the present treaty with our hands, and have caused the seals of our arms to be set thereto.

Done in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the 19th February 1810. (L. S.) STRANGFORD.

(L. S.) CONDE DE LINHARES.

VII. TREATY OF PEACE

BETWEEN HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY, AND HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF ALL THE RUSSIAS.

Article I. There shall be, between his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, and his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, their heirs and successors, and between their kingdoms and subjects respectively, a firm, true, and inviolable peace, and a sincere and perfect union and amity; so that, from this moment, all subjects of disagreement that may have subsisted between them shall cease.

Article II. The relations of amity and commerce between the two countries shall be re-established, on each side, on the footing of the most favoured nations.

Article III. If, in resentment of the present re-establishment of peace and good understanding between the two countries, any power whatsoever shall make war upon his Imperial Majesty, or his Britannic Majesty, the two contracting Sovereigns agree to act in support of each other, for the maintenance and security of their respective kingdoms.

Article IV. The two high contracting parties reserve to themselves to establish a proper understanding and adjustment, as soon as possible, with respect to all matters which may concern their eventual interests, political as well as commercial.

Article V. The present Treaty shall be ratified by the two contracting parties, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in six weeks, or sooner, if possible.

And for the due performance of the same, we sign, in virtue of our full powers, and have signed, the present Treaty of Peace, and have thereunto affixed our seals.

Done at Orebro, the 6th (18th) July 1812.

(L. S.)

(L. S.)

EDWARD THORNTON.
SUCHTELEN.

Ratified Aug. 1, 1812. (L. S.)

(L. S.)

PAUL BARON DE NICOLAY.
ALEXANDER.

(L. S.)

COUNT ROMANZOW.

VIII. TREATY OF PEACE

BETWEEN HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY, AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SWEDEN, DONE AT OREBRO, THE 18TH JULY, 1812.

Article I. There shall be between their Majesties the King of Sweden and the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, their heirs and successors, and between their subjects,

kingdoms,

kingdoms, and states, respectively, a firm, true, and inviolable peace, and a sincere and perfect union and friendship; so that, from this moment, every subject of misunderstanding that may have subsisted between them, shall be regarded as entirely ceased and destroyed.

Article II. The relations of friendship and commerce between the two countries, shall be re-established on the footing whereon they stood on the 1st of January 1791; and all Treaties and Conventions subsisting between the two states at that epoch, shall be regarded as renewed and confirmed; and are accordingly, by the present Treaty, renewed and confirmed.

Article III. If, in resentment of the present pacification, and the re-establishment of the good intercourse between the two countries, any power whatsoever make war upon Sweden, his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland engages to take measures, in concert with his Majesty the King of Sweden, for the security and independence of his states.

Article IV The present Treaty shall be ratified by the two contracting parties, and the ratifications exchanged within six weeks, or sooner, if possible.

In faith whereof, we, the undersigned, in virtue of our full powers, have signed the present Treaty, and thereunto affixed our seals.

Done at Orebro, the 18th July 1812.

(L. S.)

L. S.)

EDWARD THORNTON.
BARON D'ENGERSTROM.

(L. S.) BARON DE WETTERSTEDT.

IX. TREATY

BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND SWEDEN.

In the Name of the most Holy and undivided Trinity. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Majesty the King of Sweden, equally animated with the desire of drawing closer the ties of friendship and good intelligence which so happily subsist between them, and penetrated with the urgent necessity of establishing with each other a close concert for the maintenance of the independence of the North, and in order to accelerate the so much wished for epocha of a general peace, have agreed to provide for this twofold object by the present Treaty. For this purpose they have chosen for their plenipotentiaries, namely, his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in the name and on behalf of his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Honourable Alexander Hope, major-general of his Majesty's armies; and Edward Thornton, esquire, his envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to his Majesty the King of Sweden; and his Majesty the King of Sweden, Lawrence Count d'Engerstrom, one of the lords of the Kingdom of Sweden, minister of state and for foreign affairs, chancellor of the University of Lund, knight commander of the King's Orders, knight of the Royal Order of Charles XIII. Great Eagle of the Legion of Honour of France; and Gustavus Baron de Wetterstedt, chancellor of the court, commander of the Order of the Polar Star, one of the eighteen of the Swedish Academy;

who,

who, after having exchanged their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles :

Article I. His Majesty the King of Sweden engages to employ a corps of not less than 30,000 men, in a direct operation upon the Continent against the common enemies of the two high contracting parties. This army shall act in concert with the Russian troops placed under the command of his Royal Highness the Prince Royal of Sweden, according to stipulations to this effect already existing between the courts of Stockholm and St. Petersburgh.

Article II. The said courts having communicated to his Britannic Majesty the engagements subsisting between them, and having formally demanded his said Majesty's accession thereto, and his Majesty the King of Sweden having, by the stipulations contained in the preceding article, given a proof of the desire which animates him to contribute also on his part to the success of the common cause; his Britannic Majesty being desirous in return to give an immediate and unequivocal proof of his resolution to join his interests to those of Sweden and Russia, promises and engages by the present Treaty to accede to the conventions already existing between those two powers, insomuch that his Britannic Majesty will not only not oppose any obstacle to the annexation and union in perpetuity of the kingdom of Norway as an integral part, to the kingdom of Sweden, but also will assist the views of his Majesty the King of Sweden to that effect, either by his good offices, or by employing, if it should be necessary, his naval cooperation in concert with the Swedish or Russian forces. It is, nevertheless, to be understood, that recourse shall not be had to force for effecting the union of Norway to Sweden, unless his Majesty the King of Denmark shall have previously refused to join the alliance of the North, upon the conditions stipulated in the engagements subsisting between the courts of Stockholm and St. Petersburgh; and his Majesty the King of Sweden engages, that this union shall take place with every possible regard and consideration for the happiness and liberty of the people of Norway.

Article III. In order to give more effect to the engagements contracted by his Majesty the King of Sweden, in the first article of the present Treaty, which have for object direct operations against the common enemies of the two powers, and in order to put his Swedish Majesty in a state to begin without loss of time, and as soon as the season shall permit, the said operations, his Britannic Majesty engages to furnish to his Majesty the King of Sweden (independently of other succours which general circumstances may place at his disposal) for the service of the campaign of the present year, as well as for the equipment, the transport, and maintenance of his troops, the sum of one million sterling, payable at London, monthly, to the agent who shall be authorized by his Swedish Majesty to receive the same, in such manner as not to exceed the payment of £200,000 sterling each month, until the whole shall be paid.

Article IV. It is agreed between the two high contracting parties, that an advance, of which the amount and the time of payment shall be determined between them, and which is to be deducted from the million before stipulated, shall be made to his Majesty the King of Sweden for the mise en campagne," and for the first march of the troops; the remainder of the before-mentioned succours are to commence from the day of the landing of

the

the Swedish army, as it is stipulated by the two high contracting parties in the first article of the present Treaty.

Article V. The two high contracting parties being desirous of giving a solid and lasting guarantee to their relations, as well political as commercial, his Britannic Majesty, animated with a desire to give to his ally evident proofs of his sincere friendship, consents to cede to his Majesty the King of Sweden, and to his successors to the crown of Sweden, in the order of succession established by his said Majesty, and the States-general of his kingdom, under date the 26th of September 1810, the possessions of Guadaloupe in the West Indies, and to transfer to his Swedish Majesty all the rights of his Britannic Majesty over that island, in so far as his said Majesty actually possesses the same. This colony shall be given up to the commissioners of his Majesty the King of Sweden, in the course of the month of August of the present year, or three months after the landing of the Swedish troops on the continent; the whole 'to take place according to the conditions agreed upon between the two high contracting parties, in the separate article annexed to the present Treaty.

Article VI. As a reciprocal consequence of what has been stipulated in the preceding article, his Majesty the King of Sweden engages to grant, for the space of twenty years, to take date from the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty, to the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, the right of entrepôt in the ports of Gottenburg, Carlsham, and Stralsund (whenever this last-mentioned place shall return under the Swedish dominion), for all commodities, productions, or merchandize, whether of Great Britain or of her colonies, laden on board British or Swedish vessels. The said commodities or merchandize, whether they be of such kind as may be introduced, and subject to duty in Sweden, or whether their introduction be prohibited, shall pay, without distinction, as duty of entrepôt, one per cent. ad valorem, upon entry, and the same upon discharge. As to every other particular relating to this object, the general regulations existing in Sweden shall be conformed to, treating always the subjects of his Britannic Majesty upon the footing of the most favoured nations.

Article VII. From the day of the signature of the present Treaty, his Majesty the King of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Majesty the King of Sweden, reciproeally promise not to separate their mutual interests, and particularly those of Sweden which are referred to in the present Treaty, in any negociation whatever with their common enemies.

Article VIII. The ratifications of the present Treaty shall be exchanged at Stockholm within four weeks, or sooner, if possible. In faith of which, we the undersigned, in virtue of our full powers, have signed the present Treaty, and have affixed thereto the seals of our arms.

Done at Stockholm, the 3d of March 1813.

(L. S.)

ALEXANDER HOPE.

(L. S.)

L. S.)

(L. S.)

EDWARD THORNTON.
LE COMPTE D'ENGERSTROM.
G. BARON DE WETTERSTEDT.

X. TREATY OF PEACE

BETWEEN HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY, AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF DENMARK.

Article I. From the moment of the signature of the present Treaty, there shall be peace and friendship between their Majesties the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the King of Denmark, and between their respective kingdoms, states, and subjects, in all parts of the world. All hostilities between them shall cease, and all prizes taken from the subjects of the respective nations shall be considered as null from the day of the signature of the present Treaty, and shall be restored on both sides to their respective owners.

Article II. The respective prisoners of war shall, immediately after the ratification of the present Treaty, be restored en masse, on payment on both sides of the private debts which they shall have contracted.

Article III. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland consents to restore to his Danish Majesty all the possessions and colonies which have been conquered by the British arms in this present war, except the Island of Heligoland, which his Britannic Majesty reserves to himself with full and unlimited sovereignty.

Article IV. The restoring of the colonies shall be performed according to the same rules and principles which were laid down when his Britannic Majesty gave up to his Danish Majesty these same colonies in the year 1801. With regard to the Island of Anholt, it is agreed that it shall be given back one month after the ratification of the present Treaty, unless the season, and the diffiulty of navigation, should present insurmountable obstacles.

Article V. His Britannic Majesty having stipulated with his allies, the Emperor of Russia, the King of Sweden, and the King of Prussia, not to conclude either armistice or peace with their common enemies, but by mutual consent, it is understood, that the peace, re-established by the present Treaty, and by the Treaty signed this day between the King of Denmark and the King of Sweden, shall in consequence be extended to the above-mentioned allies, by the means of negociations, the which shall be entered upon as soon as possible, his Britannic Majesty engaging himself to employ his good offices with his allies, in order that their respective relations with his Danish Majesty may be renewed upon the same footing as they were before the war.

His Danish Majesty, relying with full confidence on the good offices of their Britannic and Swedish Majesties, for the purpose, as soon as possible, of restoring the peaceable and friendly connexions between his Majesty the Emperor of Russia and King of Prussia, as they were before the war, consents to make all hostilities towards the allies of Great Britain and Sweden immediately cease. All prizes which have been made since this Treaty has been signed, shall be restored; his Danish Majesty relying on a complete reciprocity in this respect.

Article VI. His Danish Majesty consents to take an active part with the allied powers in the present war against France, and to furnish ten thousand men, which corps is to be attached to the army of the north of Germany, and under the immediate command of his Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Sweden, to be placed

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