This matter becomes of special importance with reference to the statements made concerning members of families who are mentally or physically defective. The law requires a return in the case of each insane, feeble-minded, idiotic, blind, or deaf person, or such as may be crippled, maimed, or deformed. It not infrequently happens that the persons interrogated are disposed to conceal, or even to deny, the existence of such infirmities on the part of members of their household, especially as regards children. In such cases, if the fact is personally known to the enumerator, or if ascertained by inquiry from neighbors, it should be entered on the schedules the same as if obtained from the head or some member of the family.

In the same way the enumerator is not bound by any statement concerning the values produced in agricultural or other occupations which he knows or has reason to believe to be false; also, regarding homes and farms which are reported as having no incumbrances resting upon them, no statement should be accepted which he believes to be false. His duty is to report the actual facts as nearly as he can ascertain them.

PENALTY FOR DISCLOSING INFORMATION.

By the thirteenth section of the act of March 1, 1889, it is provided that "any supervisor or enumerator who shall, without the authority of the Superintendent, communicate to any person not authorized to receive the same any information gained by him in the performance of his duties, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars."

The intent of this provision is to make the answers to all the inquiries confidential, and to prevent disclosures of information which would operate to the personal detriment or disadvantage of the person supplying the same. It is not within the discretion of the supervisor or enumerator to make public or give out for his private use or that of any other person any part of the information obtained by him. All requests, whether from newspapers, local officials, or individuals, for the total population of his subdivision, or other matters pertaining to the enumeration, should be referred to the Census Office for reply. The returns will be tabulated in this office without delay, and the correct

official figures supplied as soon as ascertained. Furthermore, it should be the duty of the enumerator to state, in all cases where objection is raised, that the names and residences will not be used in the printed reports, nor will any statement be made concerning the business or operations of individual establishments.

FALSE OR FICTITIOUS RETURNS.

The law (section 13) further provides:

If he (supervisor or enumerator) shall willfully or knowingly swear or affirm falsely, he shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and, on conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned not exceeding three years, and be fined not exceeding eight hundred dollars; or, if he shall willfully and knowingly make false certificates or fictitious returns, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction of either of the last-named offenses, he shall be fined not exceeding five thousand dollars and be imprisoned not exceeding two years.

By this provision the enumerator is placed under severe penalties to do the work required of him honestly and conscientiously. The boundaries of the subdivision allotted to each enumerator are clearly defined in his commission, and it is his duty to make a thorough and systematic canvass of the territory assigned to him, visiting each house and establishment in order and obtaining complete and truthful returns concerning each individual living or doing business therein, as required by the law and his oath of office.

THE SCHEDULES OF INQUIRIES.

The schedules to be used by the census enumerators are as follows:

Schedule No. 1, relating to population.

Schedule No. 2, relating to agriculture.

Schedule No. 3, relating to general manufactures, and special schedules relating to particular industries.

Schedule No. 5, relating to persons who have died during the census year.

Supplemental Schedules Nos. 1 to 8, relating to persons mentally or physically defective, crippled, maimed, or deformed, or temporarily disabled by sickness or disease; also to homeless children, prisoners, and paupers.

Special Schedule, relating to surviving soldiers, sailors, and marines in the war of the rebellion, and widows of soldiers, sailors, and marines of that war.

In the exercise of the authority conferred on the Superintendent of Census by section 18 of the act of March 1, 1889, Schedule No. 4, relating to social statistics, has been withdrawn from the enumerators.

By the same section it is also provided that, in the discretion of the Superintendent, the mortality schedules and the general and special schedules for manufactures may be withheld from the enumerators, as explained in the special instructions relating to these schedules.

The schedules, in number deemed sufficient for the enumeration, will be sent by the supervisors of census to the enumerators by registered mail. A portfolio is provided for carrying the schedules needed for each day's work. The extra supply of schedules should be left at home in some safe place, and at the completion of each day's work a new supply sufficient to answer the wants of the next day should be placed in the portfolio, and the completed work carefully retained at home in the same order in which the enumeration is made from day to day.

It is expected that the enumerators will prosecute their work at all times with diligence and dispatch. The limitations as to the time in which the enumeration shall be completed make it the imperative duty of enumerators to so arrange their work as to finish within the time allowed by law. An ordinary day's work should cover at least ten hours, and it will often be the case that the enumerators will find it profitable to do considerable work during the early part of the evening. When the work can be prosecuted to advantage there is no objection to such an arrangement on the part of the enumerators.

THE PLAN OF ENUMERATION IN INSTITUTIONS.

The statistics of population and other special data concerning persons residing in institutions will be taken by institution enumerators; that is, some official or other trustworthy person connected with the institution, who will be appointed specially for the purpose.

This plan of enumeration will not be extended to all institutions, but the appointment of special institution enumerators will be determined partly by the size of the institution and partly by its nature.

For those institutions where this plan of enumeration is to be carried out the enumerators for the districts in which such institutions are located will have no responsibility.

Each enumerator will receive in advance of the enumeration due notification from the supervisor for his district as to the institutions which are not to be taken by him. It should be the duty of the enumerator, however, if there is any institution in his district, whatever may be its size or character, to satisfy himself by personal inquiry of the officer in charge whether a special institution enumerator has been appointed, and if not, to proceed to enumerate the population as in the case of all other houses visited by him. On the other hand, if a special institution enumerator has been appointed for it, then it has been withdrawn from his district, and he will leave it to be enumerated by the special institution enumerator.

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS.

All soldiers of the United States army, civilian employés, and other residents at posts or on military reservations, will be enumerated in the same manner as has been provided for institutions, by the appointment of a special resident enumerator; and in all such cases where the district enumerator has been so notified such posts or military reservations should not be included as a part of his district. For posts not garrisoned, and any other posts not so withdrawn, the district enumerator will make the necessary inquiries, and if no special enumerator has been appointed he will include the residents of such posts as a part of his district equally with other elements of the population.

In a similar way all sailors and marines stationed on vessels and at the United States navy yards, as well as resident officers, with their families, will be specially enumerated and need not be taken by the district enumerator if, upon inquiry or by notification, he knows that such special provision has been made.

SPECIAL ENUMERATION OF INDIANS.

The law provides that the Superintendent of Census may employ special agents or other means to make an enumeration of all Indians living within the jurisdiction of the United States, with such information as to their condition as may be obtainable, classifying them as to Indians taxed and Indians not taxed.

By the phrase "Indians not taxed" is meant Indians living on reservations under the care of government agents or roaming individually or in bands over unsettled tracts of country.

Indians not in tribal relations, whether full-bloods or halfbreeds, who are found mingled with the white population, residing in white families, engaged as servants or laborers, or living in huts or wigwams on the outskirts of towns or settlements, are to be regarded as a part of the ordinary population of the country, and are to be embraced in the enumeration.

The enumeration of Indians living on réservations will be made by special agents appointed directly from this office, and supervisors and enumerators will have no responsibility in this connection. Many Indians, however, have voluntarily abandoned their tribal relations or have quit their reservations and now sustain themselves. When enumerators find Indians off of or living away from reservations, and in no wise dependent upon the agency or government, such Indians, in addition to their enumeration on the population and supplemental schedules, in the same manner as for the population generally, should be noted on a special schedule [7-917] by name, tribe, sex, age, occupation, and whether taxed or not taxed.

The object of this is to obtain an accurate census of all Indians living within the jurisdiction of the United States and to prevent double enumeration of certain Indians.

Where Indians are temporarily absent from their reservations the census enumerators need not note them, as the special enumerator for the Indian reservation will get their names.

ENUMERATORS' DAILY REPORT CARDS.

Two postal cards for each working-day of the period allowed for enumeration will be furnished to each enumerator, one [7-761] adressed to the supervisor of his district, and the other [7-762] addressed to the Superintendent of Census at Washington.

The cards addressed to supervisors are printed on gray paper, and those addressed to the Superintendent of Census on buff paper.

On the back of these cards is a printed form for a statement by the enumerator of the number of persons, farms, etc., enumerated by him during the day to which the report relates, and also a statement of the time actually and necessarily occupied in this service.