tered and often difficult of access. In the past the farmers in charge of different districts have registered all Indians they could hear of, sometimes counting those belonging to other districts, and, as many Indians bear more than one name, double counts were numerous. On the Spokan Reservation alone there is a reduction of 254, but the present figures are reliable. The following list gives the number by tribes:

I would mention here as a curious fact that the San Poils and Nespilems, the latter a branch of the former, have always declined Government aid in any form-but they are self-supporting.

The death at Nespilem, on the 21st of September, 1904, of Joseph, chief of the Nez Percés,was a noteworthy event. Whatever the faults of this man, he was a born leader and the peer of our historically great red men. On June 20, 1905, at Nespilem, the place of his exile, a handsome monument of white marble was dedicated to his memory, with appropriate ceremonies, by the Washington State Historical Society, Mr. Edmund S. Meany, professor of history in the University of Washington, making the presentation in a scholarly oration. Unique and interesting addresses were also delivered by blind old Yellow Bull, sole surviving war chief of the Nez Percés; Ess how iss, a subchief; and by Albert Waters, an intelligent and solemn young man who five days before had been elected by the Nespilem Nez Percés as the successor of Joseph. The Nez Percés are clannish and independent, but bear an excellent reputation among their neighbors.

JNO. MCA. WEBSTER,

Captain, U. S. Army, Indian Agent.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF FORT SPOKANE SCHOOL.

MILES, WASH., July 15, 1905.

A

The total enrollment during the year was 170 pupils, the average attendance from September 1 to May 31, on which latter date the session for the year closed, being 136.4. The number enrolled was much smaller than the capacity of the school, and both the enrollment and the average attendance were much smaller than in preceding years, number of causes contributed to this result, among them being the fact that a considerable number of district schools have been opened in the white settlements on the north half of the Colville Reservation and that many Indian pupils who formerly came here have been enrolled in those schools. Another is the fact that the Indians who support themselves by farming, and who are beginning to make real headway in that direction, find it very essential to have the assistance of their older children during the season of active farm work and object with increasing insistence to enrolling such children for ten or twelve months per year in school. As indicated in several special reports on the subject, I do not regard either of these facts as being essentially discouraging or undesirable, In spite of their effect upon this school. And I have urgently recommended in the said reports the adoption of a somewhat radical change of programme here which would recognize the existing conditions and more usefully adjust the school to them.

Health. The average health of the pupils while they were in school was good, though, as has been true every year, a few who were enrolled had later to be excused on account

of tubercular trouble, which is very prevalent. Mumps, which in most cases did not assume a severe form, was the only epidemic disease which appeared in the school during the year.

Industrial training.-The industrial work has been hamepred by the fact that a large majority of the pupils enrolled were small children, but the training given has been good, I think. The domestic departments in particular have been exceptionally well managed. The farm and garden work suffered by the unexpected closing of school a month earlier than usual.

Class-room work. This was in charge of the very competent and faithful corps of teachers which has now had it for three successive years and was very satisfactory. It failed of being rounded out just as had been planned by reason of the early close of the session, but the work accomplished was praiseworthy.

Employees. The force of employees, as such, was exceptionally faithful and efficient, and there was almost entire absence of friction and discord during the year.

Improvements made.-About one-half of the buildings were repainted during the year, nearly completing the work in that line which was commenced last year, and greatly improving the appearance of the plant. Excepting miscellaneous repairs, no other considerable improvements were made during the year.

Needs. In the way of further equipment, the most important needs of the school are a herd of good milch cattle, a dairy building and appliances, and a silo, as to which special estimates and reports have been submitted. FRANK F. AVERY, Superintendent.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT IN CHARGE OF NEAH BAY AGENCY.

NEAHBAY, WASH., August 16, 1905.

General conditions.-The reservations and their present population under this agency are Makah, 399; Ozette, 36; Quileute, 231, and Hoh, 62, a total population of 728. These reservations have been located and described in former reports.

The Indians on the Makah Reservation have been very progressive during the year, 16 new dwelling houses and 1 new store building being erected, a mile and a half of new road made, and 5 acres of land cleared for gardens. All able-bodied Indians earned a good living.

The Ozette Indians are not progressive except a few who have located on the Makah Reservation.

The Indians of the Quileute Reservation displayed considerable energy in enlarging their gardens, in building new fences, and in constructing half a mile of "corduroy" road. Some new houses were built and others repaired and painted.

Most of the Indians of the Hoh Reservation live at Quileute when school is in session. There were no improvements on the Hoh Reservation. Fishing. These Indians have been justly classed among the "fish-eating Indians." Fully 50 per cent of their subsistence is derived from the products of the

sea.

As is their custom, most of the Indians under this agency congregated in the vicinity of Neah Bay in July for the annual fishing season. They were unusually fortunate in having a heavy "run" of salmon in the neighboring waters during August and September. Sixteen thousand dollars' worth of salmon were sold to the cannery at Port Angeles, $5,000 worth were sold to other canneries of the Puget Sound, and $11,000 worth of halibut, cod, and other fish were bought by the Neah Bay traders and sent to the Seattle markets, making a total of $32,000 received by the Indians for fish during the year.

A majority of the Indians made good use of their earnings in building new houses, repairing and painting old ones, and purchasing household supplies. Some took their money to the hop fields and lost it in gambling and drinking. Basket making. During the long rainy season, when there were no opportunities of earning wages outdoors, the women made many beautiful baskets and mats. The traders paid $1,500 for these products during the year; besides a great many were sold elsewhere.

Hop picking.-There was, as usual, a general exodus of these Indians to the hop fields about Takoma, where fair wages were earned, but the opportunities for gambling and drinking were very demoralizing. Only a very few returned to their homes with anything of value to show for their earnings.

Agriculture.—Cultivating the soil is of secondary importance to these people. The extreme humidity of the climate is against successful farming. The rainfall was about 100 inches, and is sometimes as high as 130 inches, during a single season. All the families on the different reservations had at least a

small garden, where a good quantity of cabbage, potatoes, turnips, and other vegetables were raised. Some oats were raised for hay, but when stored away it became moldy and was not good feed for horses. Some hay was cut from the marshes which made very good feed.

Stock raising is not profitable at present on account of the limited grazing area and the inconvenience of marketing the products. There are no roads over which to drive stock to market nor wharf to ship them by water. A few cattle were butchered and shipped as dressed beef.

Villages.-There are small villages on each of the reservations. With the exceptions of Neahbay on the Makah Reservation and La Push on the Quileute Reservation, they are mostly collections of dilapidated huts.

Last year the village of Neahbay was surveyed and the relocation of the houses was begun. This necessitated the moving of nearly all buildings. The work has been continued until the whole village is adjusted to the new arrangement, except a small corner which will be laid off in lots and the houses moved to places assigned. Many new houses were built and new streets opened and graded. A flume was constructed to draw the water off the low part of the village. The lumber in the flume cost $77, which the Indians raised by subscription. A village government is regularly organized, all officers being elected by ballot. A village council holds meetings once a month. A dog tax is levied, and all dogs not paid for are shot by the tax collector.

La Push was built on regularly laid off streets from the first settlement. This year new streets were opened and graded, several new houses were built, and others repaired and painted.

Education. There are two day schools under this agency, the Neah Bay training school and the Quileute day school.

There were two teachers, a housekeeper, and an assistant, at $60, $40, $30, and $10 per month, respectively, employed at Neah Bay. One teacher at $60 per month and the housekeeper's positions were filled temporarily until May 3, when Mr. Lucien M. Lewis and wife were appointed as teacher and assistant. Interest of pupils, the principal requisite as well as the most visible sign of successful schoolroom work, was lacking during the year at the Neah Bay school, resulting primarily from the frequent change of teachers and the incompetence of the temporary teacher who was necessarily employed. Notwithstanding these adverse circumstances some advancement was made in the branches taught. The average attendance for the year was 47.5.

A teacher at $72 and an assistant at $10 per month were employed at the Quileute day school. The attendance for the year was an average of 28. This school was in charge of A. W. Smith, who has been teacher continuously for about twenty-two years, but owing to the death of his wife and the care of a large family he resigned and gave up the position June 30. The service thus loses one of its most sincere and effective workers.

Missionary work.-The Presbyterian missionary, Miss Helen W. Clark, conducts services morning and evening on Sunday at the church in Neah Bay, organized Christian Endeavor and Loyal Legion societies for the young people, and keeps a reading room open evenings through the week. The influence of this mission is shown by the moral advancement of the young people in the village. This mission has been established in Neah Bay about five years.

Morality. Only two cases of drunkenness have been reported to this office during the year. These were severely punished. No illegal cohabitations or separations have occurred. Marriages and divorces were invariably consummated according to the laws of the State of Washington. The chastity of these Indians, while improving, is yet very low.

Court of Indian offenses.-Two regular sessions were held each month and twenty-five cases have been tried. With but few exceptions the decisions were just. The court relieves this office of a great many difficulties. Health.-Aside from the tendency of these people to tuberculosis the health has been good. The "medicine man has been suppressed to a great extent. EDWIN MINOR,

99

Superintendent and Special Disbursing Agent.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT IN CHARGE OF PUYALLUP AGENCY.

TACOMA, WASH., August 25, 1905.

The headquarters of this agency are located at Tacoma, the agency consisting of the following reservations, the population of each being given:

There are many other Indians living within the confines of this agency who are not carried on any census but who are members of one of the several tribes above mentioned.

There are six schools under this agency, consisting of one boarding school located at Tacoma, and five day schools, located as follows: Quinaielt day school, at Granville, on Quinaielt Reservation; Jamestown day school, at Dungeness, Wash.; Port Gamble day school, at Port Gamble, Wash.; Skokomish day school, on the Skokomish Reservation (Union post-office); Chehalis day school, on Chehalis Reservation (Gate post-office).

The Puyallup live near the city of Tacoma and are by act of Congress citizens in every respect and no longer under the authority of the superintendent in charge of the agency. They are, with few exceptions, making no improvement whatever and are rapidly disposing of their valuable land and squandering the money received therefor. Their future is very discouraging to those who are interested in their welfare, but it seems impossible to protect them from being robbed and cheated on every hand.

The Skokomish Indians have been quite prosperous. Attendance at the day school has been as good as could be expected, considering the weather and the distance many children live from the schoolhouse. Quite a number of them attend the Puyallup boarding school.

The Chehalis Indians have made many improvements to their allotments and have farmed quite extensively this year. The sale of liquor to these Indians caused more or less trouble during the year and has increased considerably since the recent decision of the Supreme Court that the sale of liquor to allotted Indians is not illegal. The school here has been prosperous and the attendance good.

At Port Gamble there in no reservation, and the school building is not owned by the Government. These Indians belong to the Clallam tribe and are quite prosperous. They labor at the sawmill located at Port Gamble and receive good wages the entire year. The school has been prosperous and the attendance good.

Jamestown is a small village near Dungeness, and the Indians there belong to the Clallam tribe. Their principal occupation is crab fishing, from which they derive quite an income. The school here has been prosperous and the attendance good.

The Nisqualli Indians live about 22 miles from Tacoma, and their principal source of income is from farming. They have been quite prosperous during the past year and have greatly improved their allotments. There is no day school on this reservation, the children attending either the district school or the boarding school at Tacoma.

The Squaxon Island Indians are not very prosperous, and very few of them live on their allotments. Their principal occupation is that of fishing and working in logging camps. There is no day school here, and few children live on the island.

The Quinaielt, Quaitso, Georgetown, and Humptulip tribes are under the Quainaielt subagency, at Granville, Wash. Their principal occupation is that

of fishing, from which they derive quite an income. The Northern Pacific Railroad now runs trains to the southern boundary of the reservation, 9 miles from the subagency, which will accomplish much toward the civilization and progress of these Indians and greatly assist them in improving their allotments, now being made to them. The school here is prosperous and the attendance good.

The Puyallup boarding school plant is located just outside the city limits of Tacoma and consists of eighteen frame buildings, most of which are now in good repair. The older buildings are to be torn down and the lumber used in erecting a hospital and barn, which when completed will put the plant in good condition. The health of the pupils has been good, and, thanks to the efficiency of the employees and physician, the epidemic of measles was confined to one case, and of scarlet fever to two cases, none of which resulted fatally. The literary work has been excellent, but the industrial work has not been what it should have been, due to an insufficient number of employees and the condition of the plant. The additional employees authorized will enable us to make greater progress in this department during the present fiscal year. Considerable improvement to the grounds has been made and the work is progressing rapidly. Since July 1, 1904, I have been in charge of the work of the Puyallup Indian commission, with office in the city of Tacoma. The following is a statement of the work accomplished during the year:

In addition to this general annual report for the agency I am also transmitting herewith a special annual report for each one of the five reservations of the agency.