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ARMIES OF THE CIVIL WAR, 1861-65.

Number of men in the Union Army, furnished by each state and territory, from April 15, 1861, to close of war.

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The armies of the United States were commanded during the whole Civil War by President Lincoln as commander-in-chief under the constitutional provision; and under him, as general commanders, by Brevet Lieutenant General Winfield Scott until November 6, 1861; by Major General George B. McClellan from November 6, 1861, to March 11, 1862; by Major General Henry W. Halleck from July 11, 1862, to March 12, 1864 (there being no general commander between March 11 and July 11, 1862); and Lieutenant General and General U. S. Grant from March 12, 1864, to March 4, 1869. The first of the principal armies into which the force of the United States was divided was the Army of the Potomac. This army was called into existence in July, 1861, and was organized by Major General George B. McClellan, its first commander; November 5, 1862, Major General A. E. Burnside took command of it; January 25, 1863, Major General Joe Hooker was placed in command, and June 27, 1863, Major General George G. Meade succeeded him. The Army of the Ohio was organized by General D. C. Buell, under a general order from the War Department dated November 9, 1861, from troops in the military department of the Ohio. General Buell remained in command until October 30, 1862, when he was succeeded by General W. S. Rosecrans. At this time the Army of the Ohio became the Army of the Cumberland and a new department of the Ohio was formed and Major General H. G. Wright, assigned to the command thereof. He was succeeded by Major General Burnside, who was relieved by Major General J. G. Foster of the command of both department and army. Major General Schofield took command January 28, 1864, and January 17, 1865, the department was merged

into the Department of the Cumberland. It continued under the com. mand of General Rosecrans until October, 1863, when General George H. Thomas took command of it. The Army of the Tennessee was originally the Army of the District of Western Tennessee, fighting as such at Shiloh. It became the Army of the Tennessee on the concentration of troops at Pittsburgh Landing under General Halleck, and when the Department of the Tennessee was formed, October 16, 1862, the troops serving therein were placed under command of Major General U. S. Grant. October 27, 1863, Major General William T. Sherman was appointed to the command of this army; March 12, 1864, Major General J. B. McPherson succeeded him; July 30, 1864, McPherson having been killed, Major General O. O. Howard was placed in command, and May 19, 1862, Major General John A. Logan succeeded him. Other minor armies were the Army of Virginia, which was formed by the consolidation of the forces under Major Generals Fremont, Banks and McDowell, by order of the War Department, August 12, 1862. Major General John Pope was placed in command, but after the disastrous defeat of this general at Manassas the army as such was discontinued and its troops transferred to other organizations. The Army of the James was formed of the Tenth and Fourteenth corps with cavalry, and was placed under the command of Major General Butler. Its operations were carried on in conjunction with the Army of the Potomac. Other temporary arrangements of the troops formed the Army of the Mississippi in the Mississippi River operations in 1862; the Army of the Gulf in Louisiana in May, 1863; the Army of West Virginia, in the valley of the Shenandoah, in May, 1864; and the army of the Middle Military Division in Virginia in the fall of 1864.

THE WORLD'S FAIR IN A NUTSHELL.

The World's Columbian Exposition, or the World's Fair, was created by an act of Congress, approved April 25, 1890, entitled "An act to provide for celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, by holding an international exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures, and the product of the soil, mine and sea, in the city of Chicago, in the State of Illinois."

The act provided for the appointment of commissioners, who should organize the Exposition, and when these preliminaries were completed the President was required to make a public proclamation of the fact and officially invite "all the nations of the earth" to participate in the Exposition. This proclamation was issued December 24, 1890.

The dedication ceremonies took place October 21, 1892, and the days preceding and following, the President of the United States being represented by the Vice-President, who, accompanied by the Cabinet and many prominent officers of the Government, army and navy, and distinguished citizens, officially dedicated the Exposition.

Immediately upon the completion of these ceremonies the installing of the exhibits began.

The great Exposition was opened to the public on May 1, 1893, and will continue open until October 30 following. The admission fee is placed at 50 cents.

The total cost of the Exposition, from its beginning to its close, is estimated at $25,000,000.

THE LOCATION OF THE GREAT FAIR.

So far as visitors to the Fair are concerned, the location of the

grounds upon which the main buildings stand is a favorable one. Jackson Park and Midway Plaisance, the Exposition site, are in the southeastern part of the city of Chicago. The two together embrace six hundred and thirty-three acres, attractively situated on the shore of Lake Michigan, the park front being a mile and a half long from northwest to southeast.

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*Floor space and including galleries.

MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.

The principal building in point of area and importance is that of Manufactures and Liberal Arts, a mammoth structure, measuring 1,687 to 1,787 feet and covering 44 acres-the largest exposition structure ever built. It cost $1,600,750.

STATE BUILDINGS.

Nearly all the States and Territories of the United States have made appropriations toward the expense of special exhibits at the Exposition, and most of them have characteristic buildings in the grounds. The New York and Illinois buildings are conspicuously fine.

FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

The following are the countries which have received allotments: Argentine Republic, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Colombia, Corea, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ecuador, France and its provinces, Great Britain and all the British Colonies, Greece, Guatemala, Hawaiian Islands, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Mexico, Madagascar, Netherlands and colonies, Nica

ragua, Norway, Paraguay, Persia, Peru, Russia, Salvador, Santo Domingo, Servia, Siam, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay and Venezuela.

Of these the following countries have independent Government buildings: Austria, Canada, Ceylon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, France, Great Britain, Guatemala, Haiti, Italy, Japan, Nicaragua, Norway, Russia, Sweden and Turkey.

THE MIDWAY PLAISANCE SHOWS.

The Midway Plaisance, which is a great tract lying between 59th and 60th streets, extending east and west, contains the principal "side shows,' some of which are of both an unique and elaborate character. Among these are the Ferris Wheel, over 250 feet high, Bohemian Glass Factory, Japanese Bazaars, the Animal shows, Dutch Settlement, German Village, Natatorium, Panorama of the Bernese Alps, Turkish Village, Minaret Tower, Moorish Palace, Street in Cairo, Chinese Theater, Captive Balloon, Indian Village, Roman House, Chinese Tea House, Barre Sliding Railway, Ice Railway, etc.

TRANSPORTATION.

Means of easy and rapid transportation from all parts of Chicago and from railroad stations to the Exposition are provided. The steam, electric, cable and horse railroads and the elevated railroad convey passengers by land to the principal entrances, and numerous steamboats ply between the city and the great pier on the water side of the grounds.

In the extreme south part of the grounds the stock exhibit, under sheds covering forty acres, is located.

During the Exposition there are restaurants and dining-rooms in all the main buildings, a luncheon place in the Dairy Building and a railroad luncheon counter in the Transportation Building.

GOVERNMENT.

The following are the officers of the "World's Columbian Commission:"

President, Thomas W. Palmer; Secretary, John T. Dickinson; Director-General, George R. Davis.

Department Chiefs.-Agriculture, W I. Buchanan; Horticulture, John M. Samuels; Live Stock, Eber W. Cottrell; Fish and Fisheries, John W. Collins; Mines and Mining, F. J. V Skiff; Machinery, L. W. Robinson; Transportation, W. A. Smith; Manufactures, James Allison; Electricity, John P. Barrett; Fine Arts, Halsey C. Ives; Liberal Arts, S. H. Peabody; Ethnology, F. W. Putnam; Forestry, W. I. Buchanan, in charge; Publicity and Promotion, Moses P. Handy; Foreign Affairs, Walker Fearn; Secretary of Installation, Joseph Hirst; Traffic Manager, E. E. Jaycox.

There are eight commissioners at large and two from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia. There are the same number of

lady managers.

President of the Board of Lady Managers, Mrs. Potter Palmer; Secretary, Mrs. Susan Gale Cook.

The officers of the World's Columbian Exposition are as follows: President, H. N. Higinbotham; Secretary, H. O. Edmonds; Treas urer, A. F. Seeberger; Auditor, William K. Ackerman; Chief of Construction, D. H. Burnham.

WORLD'S CONGRESS AUXILIARY.

A series of world's congresses in all departments of thought are a feature during the Exposition season. This work is divided into seventeen great departments, as follows: Agriculture, Art, Commerce and

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