NEW ENGLANDER AND YALE REVIEW NULLIUS ADDICTUS JURARE IN VERBA MAGISTRI. AUGUST, 1888. ART. I. Governor Chamberlain's Administration in South Carolina, Frederick W. Moore, New Haven. II. The Spirits in Prison-A Neglected Theory Reconsidered, F. C. Porter, Beloit, Wisc. III. History in Names. Rev. G. H. Hubbard, North Cambridge, Mass. CURRENT LITERATURE. How to Judge of a Picture. By John C. Van Dyke.-The Magazine of Art.-The Art Amateur.-The Art Review. -Taxation. By Luigi Cossa.Economic Science. By Edward C. Lunt, A.M.-Bible Doctrine of Inspiration. By Basil Manly. NEW HAVEN: WILLIAM L. KINGSLEY, PROPRIETOR. Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, Printers, 371 State Street. MPERIAL GRANUM, W. C. WILE, M. D., in the New England Medical Monthly, January, 1888-"In the delicate conditions of the stomach, when every thing else has been rejected I have saved many lives by giving IMPERIAL GRANUM. I consider this as one of the very best foods the physician can find to assist him in carrying through his patient to recovery; and I have found it of inestimable value in the later stages of Phthisis, Gastritis, Gastric Catarrh, Dyspepsia and Dysentery. It requires little effort of the stomach to digest and I have never known it to be rejected if properly prepared, given in small quantities and at frequent intervals. The great care used in its manufacture will lead t time, and we can assure him that he will never b extended experience." ician to expect the same product all the ppointed, as we have fully tested it in our We speak from experience when we say that the IMPERIAL GRANUM is both safe and nutritious. It has been on the market for many years, and the largely increasing sales show that many others have found like results attending its use.-The Christian Union, N. Y. As a Medicinal Food IMPERIAL GRANUM, which is simply a solid extract from very superior growths of wheat, is unexcelled. It is easy of digestion, is not constipating, and is to-day the STANDARD DIETETIC preparation for invalids, for the aged, and for the very young.-North American Journal of Homœopathy, N. Y., Dec., '87. IMPERIAL GRANUM has now been before the public for many years, and is generally admitted to be a standard preparation. There can be no doubt that this is due to its uniformly superior quality, and the successful results obtained with it in all cases where an artificial food is required.-Popular Science News, Boston, February, '88. "IMPERIAL GRANUM.-A neighbor's child being very low, reduced, in fact, to a mere baby skeleton from want of nourishment, as nothing could be found which the child could retain, at the urgent request of friends the parents were induced to try IMPERIAL GRANUM, which proved such a benefit to the child it grew and thrived beyond all comprehension. At the same time I had a child sick with cholera infantum; on being presented with a box of Granum, with the high recommend from this neighbor, used it and continued its use to raise the child on, and I firmly believe this had all to do in saving the former child's life and the greater part in restoring my own child to health. A. C. G."-Leonard's Illustrated Medical Journal, Detroit, Mich., Oct., '87. P. VARNUM MOTT, M. D., Boston, Mass., in the Microcosm, New York, February, 1886."There are numerous Foods that are much vaunted, and all have their adherents. The 'IMPERIAL GRANUM,' in my hands, seems to be all that is claimed for it, and experience has brought me to rely on its use where its special properties are indicated. In infantile diseases it has proved very efficacious, and I always direct its use when a child is being weaned." The lives of untold thousands of infants have been saved by IMPERIAL GRANUM, and careful mothers are loud in their praises of this well known food, and pharmacists can safely recommend it.-Proceedings Illinois Pharmaceutal Association, 1887. "On some other Planet there may be a better Dietetic Preparation than IMPERIAL GRANUM, but not on this."-" The American Analyst," New York. SOLD BY DRUGGISTS. JOHN CARLE & SONS, New York. ARTICLE I.— GOVERNOR CHAMBERLAIN'S ADMINISTRATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Governor Chamberlain's Administration in South Carolina: MR. ALLEN's history of Governor Chamberlain's administration is the first attempt which has been made to give a popular account of southern reconstruction. He has done his work well. The material which he has had at command is ample, complete, authoritative, and is well arranged according to subject matter and chronology. There can be no question that Governor Chamberlain's administration is the most interesting in the whole period of republican reconstruction in the South. To begin with, the man himself has an attractive personality. In addition to a scholarly diction and a literary merit of high order displayed in his public utterances, Governor Chamberlain has great force and decision of character and singular administrative ability. His courageous, conscientious republicanism is proved by his words and his acts; and in respect of this quality especially no man of the times in the South was his peer. His administration was a trying ordeal. But no taint of dishonesty, no suspicion of a disreputable motive, which it was in Governor Chamberlain's power to prevent, attaches to it. By his skillful control of affairs of State, there arose such a hope of political quiet and industrial progress under negro suffrage as had never been experienced before. His administration was the best as it was the last republican administration in South Carolina. The tragic events connected with the presidential election of 1876 gave the control of the State government into the hands of the democrats, and they have since maintained their political supremacy in that State as in every other State of the South. The portion of the reformative period in the history of the Southern States preceding Governor Chamberlain's administration has not yet been satisfactorily described. The historical material is accessible only in official documents, detached congressional investigations, public letters, and newspaper items. The evidence is fragmentary in the extreme, distorted by the refraction of excessive partisanship, discolored by prejudiced and hasty observation. But some facts which are well attested* may be mentioned by way of preface to the story in Mr. Allen's book. After the surrender of Lee at Appomattox in April, 1865, the anxiety of a long war waged for Union and humanity was soon dispelled, and hope sprang fresh in the hearts of the people. Political sentiment, however, immediately re-distributed itself about a new issue: How shall the rebel States be governed? How shall the results of the war be preserved? The Confederate governor, McGrath, of South Carolina, called upon the Confederate State officers, in May, 1865, to resume their duties. Their attempt to comply was frustrated by General Gillmore. But military rule in time of peace is only a tem * McPherson's "Handbook of Politics" series, Pike's "Prostrate State," Congressional documents, and the indexed files of the New York Times have been consulted. porary expedient according to the genius of our government. Some other arrangement had to be made at once. Two plans of reconstruction were tried at different times-one proposed by Congress in 1867, and the other employed by President Johnson in the interim. On June 30, 1865, by virtue of his authority as commanderin-chief of the army, President Johnson commissioned Benjamin F. Perry, a citizen of the State, to act as provisional goverHe was instructed by his commission to call a convention to alter and amend the State constitution and to enable the people to restore their State "to its constitutional relations to the Federal government." Such people as would take the prescribed oath of loyalty to the United States in addition to satisfying the requirements of the State laws of 1861 were invited to participate. A convention was duly held; the ordinance of secession was "repealed;" a State government was formed as soon as possible; slavery was declared to have been abolished by the war; and the thirteenth amendment was adopted. But the right of Congress to legislate on the status of the freedman was denied by a resolution. It was evident from the temper of the convention that under this government the negro, though he gained his freedom, would only obtain the elective franchise under a property and educational qualification. Acquiescence in the "results of the war" claimed by the North was not so enthusiastic and complete as even President Johnson wished. As for Congress, it would have nothing to do with the presidential plan of reconstruction. It would not readmit the State into the Union nor its representatives to seats in the senate and house. Governor Orr was elected in October, 1865, to succeed Governor Perry, who had been appointed provisionally, and the affairs of the State were managed by civil officers, though the military authority was not suspended. More than a year passed before the quarrel between the president and Congress was concluded by the victory of the latIn 1867 and 1868 Congress passed the necessary laws over the president's veto, and reconstruction was begun over again. The South was divided into military districts. The States were required to accept the fourteenth amendment, which contains the civil rights and the rebel debt clauses, and |