it also follows that no opinion thus formed can or ought to be competent to dispute with that of the trained professional.

The reader is invited to experiment with the first acquaintance that he meets. As proof of the statement that the average man firmly believes himself, by nature and without study, to be a capable judge and critic on any art matter, let him venture to insist that his friend does not appreciate a fine picture and is no judge of good painting. If not exactly polite, both statements are probably true, and are very likely to result in immediate and hot discussion.

Let him, who can, explain the origin of the curious and widespread fallacy!

The occasion is here accepted to sketch in an objectionable species of the genus under consideration. Gifted with fixed and irremovable belief in his own infallible judgment, as well as thorough-going confidence in personal art-omniscience independent of all study, he is sure to disapprove of every serious grapple with art-lore. Pains-taking research as well as conscientious analysis will certainly be opposed with the full strength of a scorn, not only fine, but positive and energetic. Contemptuous or flat contradiction of opinions expressed by the trained professional on strictly technical points is scarcely concealed at all or is lightly veiled by the convenient circumlocution "that is my opinion." Of course this dictum is accompanied with the intended, if not quite defiantly expressed inference that to differ from such authority is to be surely wrong.

It is wholly out of the question for an outsider to understand the tiresome severity or the ceaseless and endless discouragements through which the well-schooled artist has worked and struggled; nor can inexperience imagine the sting of pain or rage that follows superficial and injudicious criticisms from lips otherwise accomplished and honored-mouths little used to utter folly or display ignorance.

It is evident that no professional or other pictorial art critic is completely equipped for his work who has not studied practically the art of painting-who has not floundered in spiteful masses of pigment that will only result in a dirty grey-who has not visibly spilled great splashing tears, literally weeping in discouragement over a difficulty that day after day mocked his

earnest, serious efforts and refused to be conquered-who has not regretted the hour he first used brush or color-tube and has not stormily asserted that with time and application he might manage to saw wood or cobble shoes, but to learn to paint— never!

Having fought past and through serious obstacles in study, still feeling the smart of the wounds and bearing in plain sight the scars of actual service, is it then strange that veteran painters become sensitive under criticism from those who have never even enlisted-do not know the smoke of battle, and who have neither thought about nor studied the subject enough to have learned to be yet aware of the breadth and density of their ignorance. They mistake natural art taste for artistic knowledge, or an undoubted feeling for and pleasure in true art for the comprehension of its details or the understanding of its difficulties, and thus they fancy that with this unreal and unsubstantial preparation they are competent to step, pari passu, with the trained artist, tell him his faults of omission and of commission, criticize him ex cathedra, and even fluently dispute technical points which have, in the past, cost the conscientious painter much time to puzzle out and hard work to master.

It is not even desirable that we should be all gifted alike. There surely can be no disgrace in not having an ear for music or an eye for color, nor to have scant liking for the iterations of law, the potence of drug or sharpness of surgeon's knife. This same principle ought to apply to every form of art matter, but for some unaccountable reason it certainly does not. On the contrary, confessed ignorance of art and lack of breeding have grown to be considered terms synonymous.

And so, while it is true that the objectionable fact above referred to still remains unavoidable, the other consoling fact remains immovable. Thus it is that the reader is now earnestly invited to believe that when by nature, intuition, inspiration, genius, or in any other earthly way, it may be possible to attain to profound knowledge of law or of medicine without special technical study, then, in the same easy way, we may all learn to be consummate judges as well as critics in art matters, butnot till then!

F. WAYLAND FELLOWES.

UNIVERSITY TOPICS.

MATHEMATICAL CLUB.

At a meeting of the Mathematical Club, Tuesday, Oct. 16th, Mr. E. H. Moore discussed Cremona's treatment of Pascal's hexagon. Six points lying on a conic in a plane, form a figure which has many interesting properties, and which from the fact that the property first discovered and simplest was discovered by Pascal, is called Pascal's hexagon. Cremona shows that most, if not all, of these properties may be deduced from the properties of a certain relatively simple figure in three dimensions, viz: that defined by the fifteen lines which lie on a surface of the third order with a double point but do not pass through the double point.

YALE UNIVERSITY BULLETIN.

No. 67.-WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 17, 1888.

Sunday, November 11.-Public Worship-Battell Chapel, 10.30 a. M. Rev. Professor Brastow. Yale Young Men's Christian Association Monthly Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Address by Mr. Abbott.

Monday, November 12.-Preservation of Health (Lectures to the Divinity School)-Leonard J. Sanford, M.D. Room B, East Divinity Hall, 2 P. M. Dwight Hall Lecture Course-Mr. George W. Cable, on "Some Very Old Politics." Dwight Hall, 7 P. M.

Tuesday, November 13.-Greek Readings (The Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles)-Professor Reynolds. 194 Old Chapel, 6.45 P. M. Methods and Books in the Study of Latin (Lecture to the Freshman Class)-Mr. Abbott. 195 Old Chapel, 7.15–7.45 P. M.

Wednesday, November 14.-Psychology (University Lecture)—Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 5 P. M. Semitic Club-Paper on Assyrian Work and Workers. Room B, East Divinity Hall, 7 P. M. Phi Beta Kappa Society Meeting-106 North College, 8.30 P. M.

Friday, November 16.-Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer)-Room 89, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M.

Townsend Subjects, Yale College.-1. The Anti-Rent War in the State of New York. 2. The Future of the Subject Nationalities in AustroHungary. 3. Platonic Ideas in the Poetry of Edmund Spenser. 4. The Possibility of a Science of History. 5. The Quakers of the Seventeenth Century. 6. Giacomo Leopardi. 7. Santa Teresa: a Study in the Psychological Origin of Religious Mysticism. 8. The Industrial Side of the English Revolution of the Seventeenth Century and the Rise of the Bourgeoisie. 9. The Irish Vote. 10. Christian Mythology. 11. Universities as Literary Centers. 12. The Sphere of Conservatism in American Politics. Essays should be handed to Professor Beers at No. 171 Farnam Hall, on or before May 1st. Each Essay should be signed by an assumed name, and accompanied with a sealed envelope enclosing the true name of the writer.

No. 68.-WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 24, 1888.

Sunday, November 18.-Public Worship-Battell Chapel, 10.30 A. M. Rev. President Dwight. General Religious Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Address by Mr. Taft.

Monday, November 19.-Trade Monopolies (Opening Lecture in the Phi Beta Kappa Course)-Professor Hadley. Linonia Hall, 6.45 P. M. Tuesday, November 20.-Greek Readings (The Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles) Professor Reynolds. 194 Old Chapel, 6.45 P. M. Philosophical Club-Discussion by Professor J. E. Russell, on The Philosophical Basis of the Theology of Ritschl. Room D, East Divinity Hall, 8 P. M. Wednesday, November 21.-Psychology (University Lecture)-Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 5 P. M. The Parentage of Greek and Latin (Lecture to the Freshman Class)Mr. Abbott. 194 Old Chapel, 7.15-8 P. M. Yale Assembly-Linonia Hall, 7.30 P. M.

Thursday, November 22.-College Faculty Meeting-7 Treasury Building, 7 P. M.

Friday, November 23.-Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer)--Room 89, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M.

College Compositions.-The next Junior Composition will be due at No. 2 Treasury Building on Friday, Dec. 7, before 12 M.

The Scott Prize in German, Yale College.-The examination for the Scott Prize in German, amounting to thirty dollars and open to Seniors, will be held on Monday, May 20, 1889. The subject for this year is Auerbach's Dorfgeschichten. It will be necessary for those taking the examination to have read carefully the most important of the Dorfgeschichten together with biographical and critical matter in German. Further information in regard to the nature of the work may be obtained from Mr. Goodrich and Mr. Strong.

No. 69.-WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 1, 1888.

Sunday, November 25.-Public Worship-Battell Chapel, 10.30 a. M. Rev. Joseph H. Twichell, of Hartford. General Religious Meeting— Dwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Address by the Rev. Mr. Twichell.

Monday, November 26.-The Parentage of Greek and Latin (continuation of last week's Lecture to the Freshman Class)-Mr. Abbott. 194 Old Chapel, 7.15–7.45 P. M.

Tuesday, November 27.-Greek Readings (The Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles) Professor Reynolds. 194 Old Chapel, 6.45 P. M. Classical and Philological Society-Paper by Mr. Hunt, on Wit and Humor in Homer. Room C, East Divinity Hall, 8 P. M.

Wednesday, November 28.-Psychology (University Lecture)-Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 5 P. M. Friday, November 30.-Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer)-Room 89, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M.

Saturday, December 1.-Last Day for Candidates for Special Honors in College to report to the Dean.

Special Honors, Yale College.-Seniors who desire to be candidates for one-year honors, must announce their intention to the Dean, on or before Saturday, December 1.

College Compositions.-The next Junior Composition will be due at No. 2 Treasury Building on Friday, Dec. 7, before 12 M.

No. 70.-WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 8, 1888.

Sunday, December 2.-Public Worship followed by Communion Service-Battell Chapel, 10.30 A. M. Rev. President Dwight. Yale Young Men's Christian Association Monthly Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M. Address by Professor E. L. Richards.

Monday, December 3.-Shakspere from a Warwickshire Standpoint (Lecture in the Phi Beta Kappa Course)-Rev. T. T. Munger, D.D. Linonia Hall, 7. P. M. University Reception-Dwight Hall, 8 to 11 P. M. Tuesday, December 4.-Greek Readings (The Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles) Professor Reynolds. 194 Old Chapel, 6.45 P. M. Mathematical Club-Discussion of some of the DeForest Problems of the last year, by Mr. Irving Fisher. Sloane Laboratory, 7.30 P. M. Philosophical Club-Paper by Mr. F. C. Porter, on Hebrew and Greek Conceptions of the Relation of Body and Soul. Room D, East Divinity Hall, 8 P. M.

Wednesday, December 5.-Psychology (University Lecture)-Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 5 P. M. Grimm's Law (Lecture to the Freshman Class)-Mr. Abbott. 194 Old Chapel, 7.15-7.45 P. M. Phi Beta Kappa Society Meeting-106 North College, 8.30 P. M.

Thursday, December 6.-College Faculty Meeting-7 Treasury Building, 4 P. M.