Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... production in the hinterland began in 1830 with the Cultivation System . Perhaps the most succinct de- finition of this complex system of state - sponsored plantations is that of Cees Fasseur , namely a “ form of agro - industrial ...
... production of other cash crops , mainly rice and secondary food crops ( palawija ) . Of these , the most important ... produce and sell sugar at a profit . And there was too little margin of profit for plan- tations to turn to the export ...
... production in East Java . In 1933 the colonial government applied selective import restrictions to reserve the market of the Outer Islands for Javanese rice , which allowed idle sugar land to be switched to rice production for the ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |