Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... exports bore witness not to economic development but to the small size and continuing weakness of the export base . The prolonged stagnation in East Java's export base has to be seen in the context of the trade performance of Indonesia ...
... exports through Surabaya was 150 percent of the value of imports ( Dick 1995 , 49 ) . Thereafter the trend was inexorably downward . The last year that the port recorded an export surplus was 1928. As the economy pulled out of the 1930s ...
... exports boom- ing , exports and imports were at last in balance . The new trend was apparent in the rapidly changing composi- tion of exports . Over the previous sixty years , any rise in the value of exports had almost invariably been ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |