Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... demand , real purchasing power . The Japanese occupation , the turmoil of the Revolution , and the worsening eco- nomic stagnation after Independence all constrained the growth of effective demand . Rapid growth in population generated ...
... demand that received a tremendous boost from the two OPEC price increases , in 1973 and 1980. Rising real consumption was directed toward domestic industry by what became , under the Second Five - Year Plan ( 1974-75 to 1979-80 ) , an ...
... demand for luxury housing and apartments . In both periods demand was driven not just by rising real income but by shifts in lifestyle . It was underpinned by expectations that rapid economic expansion would continue , giv- ing middle ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |