Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... Tunjungan in 1916 confirmed its status as the center of European social life ( Faber 1936 , 354-63 ) . In the 1920s , as the popu- lation swelled in the new garden suburbs , Tunjungan took on its recognized form as the prestige shopping ...
... Tunjungan lost its ultramodern chic . Boutiques , bookshops , and fashionable restaurants gave way to tawdry electronic goods and furniture stores ; the roadway was widened into multiple lanes of speeding , one - way traffic , forcing ...
... Tunjungan Plaza thereby became democratized . It soon annexed an adjacent project , which became Tunjungan II , and an even larger Tunjungan III opened at the end of 1995 , com- plete with ground - floor ice - skating rink , food court ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |