Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... Sukarno on Heroes ' Day , 10 November 1952 . One striking difference between post - independence Surabaya and the colonial city was the degree of political mobilization . After years of repression , first by the Dutch and then more ...
... Sukarno's romantic ideal of continuing revolution— like that of his contemporary Chairman Mao - was essentially de- structive , a license for escalating violence . Vice President Hatta , speaking in November 1956 , had seen this very ...
... Sukarno's Nationalist Party ( PNI ) , came to dominate the political arena . No longer , however , was the bureaucracy the instrument of a single will . Under the ideology of nationalism , the state had been infiltrated , fragmented ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |