Islam, a Christian Perspective

Abbaside Abduh Abdul Abū Abu Bakr according adultery Afghānī Allāh Ameer Arab Arabia became become Caliph century Christ Christian churches claim conservative convert culture death dhimmis dialogue divine doctrine Egypt Empire eternal example existence faith finite fiqh God's Gospel groups homogeneous unit hudud human Ibn Rushd ijtihad Imām India Iqbal Islām Islāmic Islamic law Islamic socialism Jama'at Jesus Jewish Jews Ka'aba Khalid later Maudoodi means Mecca Medina missionaries modern mosques movement Mu'awiya Mu'tazila Muḥammad Muslim countries Muslim lands Muslim liberals Muslim world mystic Nestorian non-Muslim orthodox pagan Pakistan Persian philosophy poet poetry political prayer principle Prophet punishment qiyās Qur'an Qur'ānic R. A. Nicholson regarded religion religious experience revelation Rūmi scriptures seems shari'ah Shi'a Sir Syed spirit sub-continent Ṣufis Sunnah Surah Syria theology thought tradition translated tribes ulama Umar Ummat Ummayyad verse Wahhabis western whole word Zaehner zakāt