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The arrival of a third Russian armament for a while confirmed him in his last resolution, and the aspect of things seemed to indicate that the Emperor of Russia was to settle the affairs of the East in his own way, and with his own bayonets. But again the sultan wavered.

The united voices of the European ministers warned him not to trust to his new ally, and on the 4th of May, he consented to the cession of all the territories demanded by the Pacha of Egypt.

A firman of peace and reconciliation was published on the 6th of May; and, on the 24th, Ibrahim Pacha began to withdraw his troops from Asia Minor. From the results of this war, Mehemet Ali has become incomparably a more powerful monarch than Sultan Mahmoud. He is now left in undisputed possession of Egypt, the fine island of Candia, the Holy Land, and all the country of the Levant, from the confines of Asia Minor to the mouths of the Nile. In some of the districts-and particularly in that of Adana, which was so long the stumbling-block in the path of negotiation-he has made himself sure of an invaluable supply of forest-timber, fit for the purposes of his growing navy.

Mehemet Ali has also shown a disposition for the immediate improvement of these territories, having employed several foreign engineers, to survey the coasts and the interior of the country, with a view of facilitating communication by roads and canals,

for the purposes of commerce. At the same time, he has begun to strengthen the important passes of Mount Taurus with a succession of forts.

Other important results grew out of this war. On the 8th of July, and six days after the Russian troops began their march homeward, a perpetual treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, was concluded between Russia and Turkey. By this treaty, Russia engages to furnish such forces by sea and land, as Turkey may require, and Turkey pledges herself to close the Dardenelles against the entrance of any foreign vessel upon the requisition of Russia.

The Czar now holding possession of Wallachia and Moldavia, styling himself the "protector" of the Servian subjects of Turkey, and claiming by treaty a right to close the Dardenelles, and to protect Turkey from all foreign aggression, needs but one step more to unite the shores of the Baltic and the Black Sea under one government in form as they are in reality. The sultan is now but a humble vassal of Russia; while, on the other hand, there is good reason to believe that the Pacha of Egypt, in strengthening himself by his late accession of territory, has been merely the instrument of the other powers in opposition to the ambitious designs of Russia.

They saw that Turkey must fall into the Russian empire, and their policy led them to aid in apportioning to the powerful Pacha of Egypt, as many of the provinces of Asia Minor, as

would form an obstacle to the further progress of Russia towards India.

The manner in which Mahmoud lent himself to the views of Russia, although he had no alternative, excited the indignation of the Turks. Immediately after the departure of the Russian forces, July 11th, a conspiracy against him was formed, but discovered. Early in August, threatening notices were posted up in various parts

of Constantinople. On August 30th, aboutone o'clock in the afternoon, it became evident thatt hese threats had been carried into execution. In the course of that day, and the following night, about one fourth of the city was consumed. At the same time, great discontents prevailed in the Asiatic provinces; and in the European, the Bosniaks and a portion of the Albanians seemed again disposed for insurrection.

GREECE.

THE close of 1832 found Otho of Bavaria, the elected monarch of Greece, on his passage from Munich to Napoli. He arrived at this place on the 31st of January, and was received with great apparent joy. A Greek ministry was formed. The well known Tricoupi was its president, and at the same time minister of foreign affairs, and of commerce. Rizo, a man of considerable literary attainments, had the direction of religion and public instruction; one of the Mavrocordatos was charged with the finances: and the other departments were allotted to Greeks of fair reputation.

The first important step taken by the government of Otho, was to establish three courts of justice; one at Napoli di Romania, the second at Missolonghi, and the third at Thebes; each of these tribunals had a Greek president. The authority of the state was supported by a body of German soldiers, and by the troops of some of the Capitani.

The aspect of affairs was, for some months, flatteringly tranquil, and at the beginning of August, the residue of the French forces, who alone had preserved the country from a state of anarchy, during the period which clapsed between the assassination of Count Capo d'Istria, and the arrival of Otho, embarked and sailed for France. This step is said to have been in pursuance of a tripartite treaty between England, France, and Russia. Previously to this, the new regency and ministry had decided on the important measure, that the church government of free Greece should be entirely separated from that of the Greek church in the sultan's dominions, and rendered independent of the patriarch who resides at Constantinople. The kingdom of Greece was to have a separate head of its own church, as is the case with her co-religionist, Russia. Meanwhile, with the return of tranquillity, commerce had revived; and the revenue

derived from the customs had, in several of the ports, increased nearly three-fold.

In the midst of these promising circumstances, a formidable conspiracy was discovered in the month of October. At the head of this conspiracy was Colocotroni. Fifteen other individuals, among whom, it is said, was one of the three deputies who went to Munich to invite Otho to Greece, were implicated. The plot was fortunately discovered. The conspirators were arrested, and secured in the citadel of Napoli di Romania, where, from their own depositions, Colocotroni and Violiopolis

were convicted of high treason. Other turbulent Capitani and intriguing primates in the Morea were suspected; but throughout the country the people remained perfectly quiet, making no attempt to release or assist their chiefs. The young king, almost immediately after, set out on a tour through his dominions, to give his subjects a proof of his confidence in them. About the same time, the regency decreed the opening of roads in several parts of the kingdom, which has been for many centuries lamentably deficient in such means of communication.

LOCAL HISTORY

AND

DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES,

FOR THE YEARS 1832-33.

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