ration of sentence, 1,312 on payment of fine and costs, 3,415 as poor convicts unable to pay fine and costs, 136 by discharge by overseers; remaining in confinement, Sept. 30, 1859, 1,778. Estimated value of labor in the Jails and Houses of Correction, $ 59,903. Expenses of both, $216,253. There were also 58 insane or idiotic persons confined in the Jails, and Houses of Correction during the year, 36 of whom were supported by public expense, and 22 by friends or guardians. Only 4 were employed.

Criminal Statistics for the Year 1859.

Total,

4333 1433 291 445 939 845 296 46 80 $94,573.71

Before Justices of the Peace and Police Courts, there were in 1857, 8,705 complaints. In 5,325 cases there were convictions; 1,907 were discharged, and 1,322 were held to a higher court. Offences. Assault, 2,116; drunkenness, 2,541; violation of the liquor law, 1,413; larceny, 884; total costs, $64,749; fines received, $6,208.

Births, Marriages, and Deaths, for the Year ending December 31, 1858. - Seventeenth Registration Report. - The number of births during that period was 34,491; 17,453 males and 16,840 females, the sex of 198 not given. Of these births, 15,051 were of foreign parentage, 16,283 of American, 1,916 mixed American and foreign, and the parentage of 1,241 was not stated. The number of marriages was 10,527; in 6,019 the parties were Americans, in 3,299 they were foreigners, and in 875 one party was an American and the other a foreigner. The number of deaths was 20,776,-10,384 males and 10,392 females. Their average age was about 27 years.

State Valuation. — The decennial valuation of the property of the State has been made during the autumn of 1860, by a Committee of the Legislature designated for that purpose. The result shows 297,224 ratable polls, and a valuation of $ 897,795,326. In 1850, there were 245,142 polls, and the valuation was $537,936,995.

Amendments of the Constitution.

-

An amendment of the Constitution in regard to the mode of filling any vacancy in the Senate, and another in reference to filling any vacancy in the Council, were ratified by the people, May 7, 1860.

XVI. MICHIGAN.

Capital, Lansing. Area, 56,243 sq. m. Population, 1860, 754,291.

Government for the Year 1861.

The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor-General, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of the LandOffice, and the Attorney-General are each elected by the people, by a plurality vote, for two years. Senators, 32 in number, and representatives, 81 in number, are elected every two years by a similar vote for two years. The Legislature of 1861 is required by the Constitution to make a new apportionment of Senators and Representatives. The number of Senators is limited to 32; of Representatives to 100. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial. A recent amendment to the Constitution abolished the limitation of the sessions of the Legislature to forty days, and provided that no new bill should be introduced into either house after the first fifty days of the session. A session commenced in January, 1861.

Dist. Judge.

Circuit Court. - Salary of Judges, $1,500 each.

Residence. Term ends. Dist. Judge.

1. Edw. H. C. Wilson, Hillsdale, Dec 30,1863 6. Sanford M. Green,

Ann Arbor,

4. Edwin Lawrence,

Residence. Term ends.
Pontiac, Dec.30,1863
Owosso,
Ionia,

9. Flavius J. Littlejohn, Allegan, Dec.30,1864

Battle Creek, "6 5. Benj. F. Graves, 10. W. F. Woodworth, Midland City, Daniel Goodwin, of Detroit, District Judge, Upper Peninsula, Salary $1,000. The judges of the Supreme Court are elected by the people for eight years. After the first election in 1857 they were classified so that their several terms expired in two, four, six, and eight years. Judge Martin took the short term of two years and was re-elected in 1859, for the full term of

eight years. Three judges constitute a quorum. Four terms of the Supreme Court are held annually, - two at Lansing on the Tuesday after the first Monday of January and July, and two at Detroit on the Tuesday after the first Monday of April and October, — and there may be spęcial or adjourned terms at either of these places. The court shall be in session each term long enough to hear all the cases ready for argument, and all cases shall be determined either at the term they are argued, or early in the succeeding term. The clerk of the county in which the court is held is clerk of the Supreme Court. Judges of the Circuit Court are elected for six years by the people of their respective districts. Prosecuting officers are elected by the people of each county, to hold office for two years. By the Act of February 12, 1859, grand juries are not to attend any court, unless the judge thereof shall so direct in writing filed with the clerk of the court. Criminal proceedings are to be conducted by informations in the lieu of indictments, the informations to be verified by the oath of the prosecuting officer, complainant, or some other person, and the same rules to govern in the setting forth of offences, as in indictment. The prosecuting attorney must subscribe his name thereto, and must indorse thereon the names of the witnesses known to him at the time of the filing of the information in court. The proceedings in holding to bail, &c., are the same as in indictments. No information can be found against any person for any offence, unless such person shall have had, or waived, a preliminary examination therefor.

FINANCES.

Balance in the Treasury, November 30, 1859,

$163,577.22

State Debt.-The State debt, funded and fundable, November 30, 1860, was as follows:Penitentiary Bonds, payable on demand, .

Outstanding Internal Improvement warrants, payable on demand,
Full paid, $5,000,000 loan bonds, principal due January 1, 1863,

Part paid, $5,000,000 loan or unadjusted bonds, when funded will amount to

New bonds issued July, 1858, and due 1878,

Temporary loan, payable at pleasure of the State,

$13,000.00

3,665.16

177,000.00

1,737,185.00

91,992.63

216,000.00

50,000.00

$2,289,842.73

141,000.00

The amount of the debt due on demand is $16,665.16; the amount due January 1, 1863, is $2,006,177.63.

The State is also indebted to the several Trust Funds. These are derived from the sales of lands granted by the general government and appropriated by the Constitution of the State for educational purposes. In some instances, resort has been had to the principal of these funds to meet the appropriations of the Legislature. The Legislature of 1859 author. ized the assessment and collection of a State tax of one mill on a dollar, on the aggregate of the real and personal property in the State, as equalized for 1856, for each of the years 1859 and 1860. The indebtedness of the State to the Trust Funds was, Nov. 30, 1860, as follows: To the Primary School Fund, $ 880,936.73; to the University Fund, $258,307.47 ; to the Normal School Fund, $44,345.78. Total, $1,183,589.98, on which the annual in

terest is $83,580.73. The State borrows the money of these funds as fast as it is received, and stands debtor to the funds on its books for the amount. The total value of the property in the State in June, 1860, is given at $275,762,771.

Banks. For the condition of the banks in Michigan, near Jan. 1, 1860, see ante, p. 231. An amendment to the Constitution has just been (1860) adopted by the people as follows: "The officers and stockholders of every corporation for banking purposes, issuing bank notes or paper credits, to circulate as money, shall be individually liable for all debts contracted during the term of their being officers or stockholders of such corporation or association, equally and ratably to the extent of their respective shares of stock in any such corporation or association."

Common Schools for the Year ending September, 1860. During the year, 206,014 children were taught in the schools The number of teachers was 7,941, and the amount paid teachers was $467,286. Of the teachers, 5,342 were females.

The Act of Feb. 14, 1859, permits any districts containing more than 200 children between the ages of 4 and 18 years, by a two-thirds vote of the voters attending the annual meeting, to decide to elect a district board of six trustees, two for 1 year, two for 2 years, and 2 for three years, and afterwards two each year for three years, which trustees shall have the care and management of said district schools, with the power to classify and grade them, to establish a high school, to employ teachers, &c. Two contiguous districts, if their number of children united is not less than 200, may unite by a similar vote, and elect trustees in the same manner and with like powers.

The State Normal School at Ypsilanti was opened in October, 1852. There is a Model School connected with the Normal School. In December, 1859, the Normal School had 315 scholars, and the Model School, 63. In December, 1860, the Normal School in all its departments had 342 scholars.

Agricultural College. - The Legislature of 1855 authorized the establishment of an Agricultural College. A farm of about 700 acres has been purchased, near the village of Lansing, and suitable buildings for professors and students, and for the uses of the farm, have been erected. The payments by the State on account of the college in 1859 were $ 17,676.45, and in 1860, $14,219.43.

Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind. This institution was first opened in February, 1854, at Flint, in rooms rented for that purpose. The cornerstone of the main building was laid July 15, 1857. The building when completed will accommodate 350 pupils. The grounds contain 33.45 acres. 158 pupils have been received since its opening in 1854. The largest number in attendance at any one time has been 90. 123 pupils were in attendance during the year ending Dec. 1, 1860. The Asylum is free to all the deaf and dumb and the blind in Michigan between the ages of 10 and 30, who have a good natural intellect, a good moral character, and no contagions. Board and tuition free, clothing and travelling expenses to be paid by the pupils, or parents or guardians. The vacation is from July 15 to 1st Wednesday in October, - and pupils should be admitted at the close of the vacation.

acres.

Asylum for the Insane. - This institution is at Kalamazoo. The grounds contain 167.76 The buildings have not (December, 1860) yet been completed. The trustees ask of the Legislature of 1861 an appropriation of $100,000 for their completion. The institution is now, however, fully organized, and has accommodations for 111 patients. The State has appropriated for this institution, since 1853, $237,000. All the appropriations have not been available.

State Prison, Jackson. - Number of convicts in prison, 30th November, 1860, 621. The death penalty for murder in this State was abolished in 1846, and solitary confinement at hard labor in the State Prison for life substituted, March 2d, 1847. Since then, to Nov. 30, 1860, 21 have been convicted of murder, and sentenced to solitary confinement at hard labor for life. A separate building is erected for these convicts. The receipts of the prison for the past year were $51,533.26, the expenditures, $47,634.50. Excess of earnings, $3,854.76. The Legislature of 1857 authorized the agent of the prison to make deductions from the time of the sentences of the prisoners for good behavior as follows: One day a month for

the first year; two days a month for the second year; and four days a month for the residue of the sentence. This statute has had a salutary effect upon the conduct of the prisoners.

A House of Correction for Juvenile Offenders was opened at Lansing, Sept. 2, 1856. The name was changed by the Legislature of 1859 to that of the Reform School. The number of inmates in the house, Nov. 16, 1860, was 137. A portion of the boys are employed by contractors in making chairs. The inmates are kept employed in some work or in attending school. The ordinary expenses of the school for the last year were $16,445.60. The Superintendent of the school is Rev. D. B. Nichols.

Geological Survey.

The Legislature in 1859 passed an act authorizing the completion of the Geological Survey of the State, the appointment of a Geologist, &c. A State Geologist (Professor Winchell) and assistant (Dr. Miles) were appointed, and have since prosecuted the survey to the extent of the limited means at their disposal.

Emigration.The Legislature of 1859 authorized the Governor to appoint a commissioner to encourage emigration to the State. Under this authority two commissioners were appointed, one, Rudolph Diepenbeck, at a salary of $1,500 per annum, to reside in New York, and the other, George F. Veen Fleit, at $700 per annum, to reside in Detroit. By this commission, 1,500 German emigrants have been induced to settle in the State, being of industrious and temperate habits, and bringing with them $150,000 cash. The expense of the commission for the two years, was $4,820.40.

Census of May, 1854 - The American Almanac for 1860, page 286, has a full abstract of the census of May, 1854.

XVII. MINNESOTA.

Capital, St. Paul. Area, about 81.259 sq. m. Population, 1860, 172,793.
Government for the Year 1861.

of St. Paul, Chanc. of Univ. of Minnesota ;
[ex officio Sup't. Pub. Instruct.

of Stillwater, Warden of State Prison,

600

John S. Proctor, The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Attorney-General are chosen by a plurality vote for two years, and until their successors are qualified. The Auditor is elected in the same way, but for three years. The number of Senators is 21; of Representatives, 42. Senators are chosen for two years, one half each year; Representatives are elected annually. The election for State officers and members of the Legislature is on the 2d Tuesday of October. The time of meeting of the Legislature is on the 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday of January. The sessions of the Legislature are annual.