Effective Management Control: Theory and PracticeSpringer Science & Business Media, 29 Feb 1996 - 174 halaman Effective Management Control deals with a critical but relatively neglected and misunderstood aspect of organizational effectiveness: the process of controlling the behavior of people in organizations. The issue of organizational control and the design of an optimal control system is essential for the long term effectiveness of an organization: too little control can lead to confusion and chaos; conversely, too great a degree of control can result in the erosion of innovation and entrepreneurship. This monograph presents a conceptual framework for approaching these issues, and examines the role accounting can play in a successful control system. The author works towards an understanding of the nature, role, elements and functioning of organizational control and control systems in organizations. The book posits and discusses the features of a core control system and its component parts, including: planning, measurement and feedback, evaluation and reward sub-systems. It also discusses the ways in which a core control system operates within a larger organizational structure and culture. The theory is illustrated through its application to a particular case study. |
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THE NATURE AND ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL | 1 |
THE NATURE OF CONTROL | 2 |
Lack of Total Goal Congruence | 3 |
THE NEED FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL | 5 |
Focus on Goals | 6 |
Implementation of Planning | 7 |
Nature of a Control System | 8 |
Leadership as a Method of Control | 9 |
MEASUREMENT ASPECTS OF EVALUATION METHODS | 76 |
EVALUATION METHODS | 78 |
Comparison Methods | 80 |
Descriptive Methods | 84 |
PROBLEMS OF EVALUATION METHODS | 87 |
Problems of Reliability | 89 |
Administrative Problems of Evaluation Systems | 91 |
Difficulties of Evaluation Systems in Control | 92 |
Formal Control System as a Method of Control | 10 |
CONCLUSION | 11 |
ENDNOTES | 12 |
REFERENCES | 13 |
ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS A FRAMEWORK | 15 |
The Core Control System | 17 |
The Measurement Subsystem | 19 |
The Evaluation and Reward Subsystem | 20 |
Organizational Structure as a Component of Control | 22 |
Organizational Culture as a Component of Control | 24 |
Evaluating the System | 25 |
Firms Culture Structure and Budgeting Prior to Study | 26 |
The Control Problem | 27 |
The Core Control System and Budgetary Control | 28 |
Discussion of the System | 29 |
CONCLUSION | 31 |
ENDNOTES | 33 |
REFERENCES | 35 |
THE ROLE OF PLANNING IN CONTROL | 37 |
COMPONENTS OF THE PLANNING SYSTEM | 38 |
Key Result Areas | 41 |
Objectives and Goals | 42 |
STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS | 43 |
Concept of Business | 45 |
Corporate Mission | 47 |
Goals | 49 |
THE FUNCTION OF PLANNING IN CONTROL | 50 |
ENDNOTES | 51 |
REFERENCES | 52 |
THE ROLE OF MEASUREMENT AND FEEDBACK IN CONTROL | 53 |
Behavioral influence as the Raison detre of Organizational Measurement | 54 |
THE PSYCHOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK | 55 |
Domains of Measurement | 56 |
Elements of Measurement | 57 |
MEASUREMENTS PROCESS FUNCTIONS | 58 |
Criterion Function in HumanResource Management | 60 |
The Catalyst Function | 61 |
The Set Function | 62 |
Motivational Function in HumanResource Management | 63 |
Measurements Medium As Its Message | 65 |
MEASUREMENTS OUTPUT FUNCTIONS | 66 |
CONCLUSION | 67 |
ENDNOTES | 68 |
| 70 | |
THE ROLE OF EVALUATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL | 71 |
Definition of Evaluation System | 72 |
METHODS OF EVALUATION | 73 |
Judgmental Evaluations | 74 |
Organizational Measurements | 75 |
SUMMARY | 93 |
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ALTERNATION RANKING REPORTS | 95 |
ENDNOTES | 96 |
REFERENCES | 97 |
THE ROLE OF REWARD SYSTEMS IN CONTROL | 99 |
Types of Rewards | 100 |
ROLE OF REWARDS AS A COMPONENT OF CONTROL SYSTEMS | 101 |
Compensation as a Reward System | 102 |
Summary | 104 |
STRATEGIC USE COMPENSATION AS REWARD | 105 |
Compensation Strategy | 106 |
Promotion as a Reward | 107 |
Design of PromotionReward Systems | 109 |
Strategic Use of Promotions | 110 |
Complementary Functions of Reward Systems | 111 |
SUMMARY | 112 |
ENDNOTES | 114 |
REFERENCES | 115 |
THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE IN CONTROL | 117 |
Factors Influencing Structures of Roles | 118 |
Strategic Use of Organizational Structure in Control | 121 |
The Elements of Culture | 122 |
STRATEGIC USE OF CULTURE IN CONTROL | 123 |
ENDNOTES | 125 |
REFERENCES | 126 |
THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL | 127 |
BUDGETARY CONTROL SYSTEM | 128 |
RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING | 132 |
STANDARD COSTVARIANCE CONTROL SYSTEMS | 133 |
Types of Variances | 134 |
CONCLUSION | 136 |
ENDNOTES | 137 |
REFERENCES | 138 |
THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS | 139 |
Behavioral Comprehensiveness | 140 |
Behavioral Reliability | 141 |
Measurement | 143 |
Control in Absence of Formal Control Systems | 144 |
Control in the Absence of Behavioral Comprehensiveness | 147 |
Problems When Culture and Core Control Systems Are Not Synchronized | 148 |
THE OVERALL CONTROL SYSTEM | 150 |
Development of Control Systems | 151 |
Improvements in the Control System | 152 |
CONCLUSION | 154 |
ENDNOTES | 155 |
REFERENCES | 156 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 157 |
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Istilah dan frasa umum
Academy of Management accounting system achieve Administrative Science Quarterly Applied Psychology aspects assessment basic branch managers budget budgetary control chapter compensation component concept core control system corporate criteria criterion decisions designed Effects of Goal ENDNOTES evaluation methods evaluation system evaluation-reward examined example feedback Figure Flamholtz formal control system framework goal congruence Goal Setting halo effect Human Resource Accounting income statement individual influence International Business Studies Journal of Applied key result areas level of measurement Management Journal Management Review Managerial measurement system motivate numbers objectives and goals operations organization's organizational control system organizational culture organizational goals Organizational Measurement organizational structure Organizations and Society overall control system performance appraisal performance evaluation person personnel problem Process Functions profit promotion promotion-reward system Psycho-Technical Systems real estate firm residential real estate reward system Situational Leadership Theory specific standard cost strategic Theory types typically variances
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