3. Being successful in this, he pressed into his service ten or twelve vessels lying in the harbor. Embarking his force upon these, Governor Stone set out against the people of Providence.

4 By the aid of an armed merchantman lying in the harbor, the Puritans were successful. The fight that took place was well sustained, but the undisciplined levies of St. Mary's were no match to the Puritans, many of whom doubtless were used to battle under the victorious banner of Cromwell.

5. This victory of the Puritans was stained by an act, as cruel and bloody as it was unnecessary. The governor and his council, and others, to the number of ten, were condemned to death, although they had surrendered themselves upon the pledge of quarter. Four of them were shot in cold blood. The rest escaped at the stern intercession of the soldiers themselves.

6. The governor and his council were detained prisoners for a long time. They were prohibited from communicating with their friends; and Stone was not allowed even to write to his wife, at St. Mary's, without submitting his letter to the inspection of his keepers. She was subsequently allowed to nurse him during the recovery of his wounds.

Questions.-3. What second expedition did he undertake? 4. What prevented its success? 5. What barbarity were the Puritans guilty of? 6. What was their treatment of the governor and council?

7. Both parties now appealed to Cromwell.— After some delay the controversy was referred to the "commissioners of trade" in England. They reported entirely in favor of the Lord Proprietary. Capt. Josias Fendall was appointed governor, and directed by Baltimore to see that the act for freedom of conscience was duly observed in Maryland. He was also ordered to reward with grants of land all who had been active in his behalf, and to take especial care of the widows of those who had fallen.

8. To give aid and countenance to his governor, Lord Baltimore appointed his brother, Philip Calvert, secretary of the province. The governor and secretary obtained possession of the capital without difficulty, but beyond the faithful county of St. Mary's, their success did not immediately extend.

9. The Puritans being determined to consider their authority as undisputed, summoned an assembly, which convened on 24th of September, 1657. They levied a tax to pay the public expenses, and appointed commissioners to collect the fines imposed upon the adherents of the Proprietary. But their domination was at an end.

Questions.-7. To whom did both parties appeal? To whom did he refer the matter? Their decision? Who was now appointed governor? What instructions did he receive? 8. Who was appointed secretary to the province? They obtained possession of what place? 9. What did the Puritans do?

10. The negotiations of Lord Baltimore with Cromwell, began to be successful. The Puritan Bennett, perceiving the turn affairs were taking, and despairing of retaining the supremacy of his party, hastened to come to terms with the Proprietary. Fendall was acknowledged Governor; and Maryland was once more restored to the government of the Propriet ry, after nearly six years of rebellion.

11. But no sooner had Fendall overthrown the power of the Puritans, than he set about undermining that of the Lord Proprietary. At the session of 1659, the house of delegates demanded that the governor and council should no longer sit as an upper house. For a time, Fendall made a show of resistance, but at length yielded and took his seat in the lower house.

12. The upper house was then declared dissolved Fendall resigned his commission from the Lord Proprietary, into the hands of the assembly, and accepted a new one from that body in their own name and by their own authority.

13 The power of this new rebel was of short duration. The people were tired of intestine commotions, and, remembering the mild government of Leonard Calvert, joyfully submitted to Philip Calvert, who was appointed governor upon intelli

Questions.-10. What is said in this section? 11. What did Fendall do? 12. What further? 13. What is said of the people of the colony?

gence of Fendall's rebellion. Fendall gave himself He abused this clemency to

up, and was respited.

excite new trouble in after days.

14. Claiborne, "the evil genius of Maryland," the arch-disturber of its peace, returned into Virginia, where he still continued a man of some distinction. He met his death in battle with the Indians, and was buried in the field. death were those of an heroic adventurer.

His life and

1660-1689

CHAPTER XI.

PEACE AND PROSPERITY - Ca'm-Charles Calvert-Increase of Population-Planters-Marylond Domestic Life - Slavery - Servants - Quakers- For— Land of the Sanctuary - Death of the Proprietary — Fendall's Attempt at Rebellion - End of the Period of Repose.

1. After these storms a calm of thirty years succeeded The colony, again under a brother of its founder, having proclaimed Charles II, king, set about to remedy the consequences of the late troubles.

2. In 1662, Philip Calvert was superseded by Hon. Charles Calvert, son of the Lord Proprietary.

Questions.-13. What of Fendall? 14. What became of Claiborne ? 1. What is said in this section? 2. Who superseded Philip Calvert?

When Philip Calvert assumed the government of the colony, in 1660, the number of inhabitants was twelve thousand; in five years, it had increased to fifteen thousand, and in 1671, to twenty thousand. 3. The number of counties was increased. But as yet there were few towns. St. Mary's contained little more than sixty houses. The people were planters and farmers. There were no influences to draw people together in towns, and the people, free from the excitement, turmoil and ambition of commercial communities, laid the foundation of that peculiar domestic life, which has always been the characteristic and charm of Maryland.

4. The first evidence of slavery in Maryland, is to be found in the laws relating to masters and slaves, passed during this period of repose.Slavery was probably introduced from Virginia.*

5 There was another species of servant in the colony, of whom mention is frequently made. They were white emigrants, who wanting the means to emigrate, apprenticed their time, for a certain period, to those who would bear that expense.

*As the Puritans of New England were the first to engage in the traffic of slaves after the trade was re-opened in South Carolina, and the very last to abandou it. it is not impossi ble that Maryland is indebted for the existence of slavery in her borders to the Puritans she received from Virginia.

Questions.-3. What was the number of inhabitants? What is said of domestic life? 4. First evidence of slavery? 5. What other species of servant was there?