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who had been secretary to James I.; but before the patent was completed, Lord Baltimore died, and the patent, dated June 20, 1632, was given to his eldest son Cecilius, who succeeded to his titles, and who, for upwards of forty years, directed, as proprietor, the affairs of the colony.

Leonard Calvert, brother to Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, was appointed the first governor; and he, together with about 200 persons, commenced the settlement of the town of St. Mary's in 1634. A free toleration of religion was established, and a system of equity and humanity was practised with regard to the Indian tribes.

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In the hands of the Crown,

Nathaniel Blackstone, app'ted 1699 | Robert Eden,

1697 Robert Eden,

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The Constitution of this state was first formed in 1776; since which time many amendments have been made.

The legislative power is vested in a Senate, consisting of 15 members, and a House of Delegates, consisting of 80 members; and these two branches united are styled The General Assembly of Maryland.

The members of the House of Delegates, four from each county, are elected annually by the people, on the first Monday in October; and the members of the Senate are elected every fifth year on the third Monday in September, at Annapolis, by electors who are chosen by the people on the first Monday of the same month of September. These electors choose by ballot 9 senators from the Western Shore, and 6 from the Eastern, who hold their office five years.

The executive power is vested in a Governor, who is elected annually on the first Monday in January, by a joint ballot of both Houses of the General Assembly. No one can hold the office of governor more than three years successively, nor be eligible as governor until the expiration of four years after he has been out of that office. The governor is assisted by a Council of five members, who are chosen annually by a joint ballot of the Senate and House of Delegates.

The General Assembly meets annually (at Annapolis) on the last Monday in December. The Council of the Governor is elected on the first Tuesday in January; the governor nominates to office, and the council appoints.

The Constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free, white, male citizen, above 21 years of age, having resided twelve months within the state, and six months in the county, or in the city of Annapolis or Baltimore, next preceding the election at which he offers to vote.

The chancellor and judges are nominated by the governor, and appointed by the council; and they hold their offices during good behavior.

[The Legislature formerly met on the first Monday in Dec., and the governor was elected on the 2d Monday of Dec.; but the Constitution was altered at the session of 1823, and confirmed in 1824.]

Government.

Thomas King Caroll, Governor; term of office expires on the first Tuesday in January, 1831; salary $2,666.7.

The members of the General Assembly receive $4 a day: the Speakers of each House, $5.

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County Courts. The state is divided into six judicial districts, for each of which there are three judges. Each court is constituted of one of the judges of the Court of Appeals, and two associates. The salary of these county associate judges is $1,400, except in the Baltimore district, where the associates are paid $2,200 each.

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Capital.

Name.

Salary. $2,400

1,500

1,500

Name.

Capital.

Bank of Baltimore,

do.

Union Bank of Md. Baltimore, $3,000,000 Farmers' Bank of Maryland, at

1,200,000 Annapolis, with branches at

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The city of Baltimore ranks as one of the first flour markets in the world. The following table shows the inspections of wheat and rye flour and corn meal, in the principal flour markets in the United States, for the year

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The principal literary seminaries in this state are the University of Maryland, St. Mary's College, and Baltimore College, in Baltimore; and St. John's College, at Annapolis. There are several academies in the state, which receive $800 a year from the state treasury.

A law in favor of primary schools was passed in 1825, and has been partially carried into effect in two or three of the counties. The state has a

School Fund consisting of a sum advanced by Maryland during the late war and paid by the national government, amounting to $75,000, together with a tax on bank capital of 20 cents on $100. The fund is at interest, and the amount received from the banks has also generally been placed at interest, to the credit of the several counties; but in some instances it has been expended for its proper object. The intention of the state was, that it should be used to pay teachers only; and that the expense of building school-houses, and also other expenses, should be paid by a tax on property within the several school districts.

XII. VIRGINIA.

THE first permanent English settlement formed in America was made, in 1607, by 105 adventurers, on James river, in this state, at a place named Jamestown in honor of James I. of England.

Several unsuccessful attempts had been made in the latter part of the preceding century, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in honor of whom the country was named Virginia; which name, though now limited to a single state, at the time of the settlement, was applied to all the country in America lying between Lat. 34° and 45° N.

The early history of the colony is replete with interesting and affecting incidents, occasioned by dangers and calamities; by sickness, want, and contests with the Indians.

The government of the colony was at first administered by a Council of seven persons, with a President chosen from among their number; but afterwards it was administered by a Governor, appointed, except during the Commonwealth in England, by the crown.

GOVERNORS &C.

Under the Colonial Government.

Ed. M. Wingfield, Pres. Coun. 1607 | Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor, 1621

John Radcliffe,

do.

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1607 Sir Geo. Yeardley, acting Gov. 1626 1608 Sir Geo. Yeardley, Governor, 1626

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Robert Carter, Pres. Council, 1726

William Gouch, Governor, 1727

Fra. Morryson, appointed Gov. 1661
Sir William Berkeley, do. 1662
Herbert Jeffreys, Lieut. Gov. 1677 | Thomas Lee, Presidents 1749
Sir Henry Chicheley, Dep. God. 1678 Lewis Burwell, csidents,

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The Constitution of this state, which has hitherto, since its first adoption, been in operation, was formed in 1776; but on the first Monday in October, 1829, a convention met at Richmond "to consider, discuss, and propose a new Constitution, or alterations and amendments to the existing Constitution"; and on the 14th of January, 1830, the convention adopted an Amended Constitution, by a vote of 55 to 40.

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