BANKS

in the State, in January, 1830, with their respective Capitals.

Some other banks have been chartered, and have recently gone, or are

about going, into operation.

*The Bank of the United States has an office of Discount and Deposit

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at New York, with the sum of $2,500,000 assigned as its capital.

Total amount of Bank Capital in the State in 1830

$27,754,600

15,014,582 15,674,940

2 344.358

Total Canal Debt of the State in January, 1830, $7,706,013.

2,757.67

279.70

The Delaware and Hudson Canal, formed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, extends from the Hudson to the Delaware, 60 miles; thence up the Delaware, 22 miles; thence up the valley of the Lackawaxen to Honsdale, 24 miles; total length 106 miles: average cost about $15,000 a mile.

ONONDAGA SALT SPRINGS.

On the borders of Onondaga Lake there are valuable saline springs, which are the property of the state, and from which salt, in large quantities, is

manufactured. The water yields salt at the rate of one bushel to 45 gallons. The salt is made at the villages of Salina, Syracuse, Liverpool, and Geddes.

Bushels.

827,508

Duties. $68,825-33

1827,

1828,

1829,

1,404,800

NUMBER OF CLERGY

in the State in 1819 and 1829, as stated in Williams's "New York An nual Register."

Number of Attorneys and Counsellors in the state, in 1820, 1,248; in 1829, 1,686.

EDUCATION.

The principal literary seminaries in this state are Columbia College, in the city of New York; Union College, at Schenectady; Hamilton College, at Clinton; Geneva College, at Geneva; the Medical Colleges in New York city and at Fairfield; the Theological Seminaries in New York city, at Auburn, Hartwick, and Hamilton; the Polytechny, at Chittenango; the Albany Academy, and about 50 other academies.

A statute of this state makes it the duty of the Superintendent of Common Schools, to present to the Legislature an annual report, containing a statement of the condition of the schools, estimates and accounts of the expenditures of the school moneys, plans for improvements, &c.

The Report presented to the Legislature by the Superintendent, in January, 1830, contains the following statements, namely; that the School Fund belonging to the state then amounted to $1,661,031.24 in stocks and other securities, and 869,178 acres of land; that the revenue actually received into the treasury, on account of this fund, in 1829, was $94,626-25; that there were, in the several towns in the state, 8,872 school districts, and of this number 8,292 had complied with the conditions of the statute, by having schools kept at least three months by an inspected teacher, and by making returns to the commissioners; that there were in the districts, from which reports had been received, 468,257 children over 5 and under 16 years of age; and that in the common schools of the same districts 480,041

scholars had been taught during the preceding year; that 8,292 schools had been kept open for the reception of scholars an average period of 8 months out of the 12; that during the year 1829, $214,840-14 had been paid to the several school districts which had made reports, of which sum $100,000 were paid from the state treasury, $102,934.66 were raised by a tax upon the several towns, and $11,905-48 were derived from local funds possessed by certain towns.

"Our system of common school instruction," says the Report," is based upon the principle, that the state, or the School Fund, will pay only a share of the expense; and that the towns, by an assessment upon property, shall pay at least an equal share. In addition to this, and in order to enjoy the benefits of the public money, the inhabitants of each district are required to tax themselves for the erection of a school-house, and furnishing it with necessary fuel and appendages. In order to ascertain more fully the practical operation of the system, an additional column was annexed to the forms for school reports which accompanied the revised statute, requiring trustees to return the amount paid annually for teachers' wages, over and above the sum received from the state treasury and from the town tax. A few towns only made returns the first year; but the abstract of the present year contains returns from 729 towns and wards; showing a total amount paid by the patrons of the common schools, for teachers' wages, of $297,048-44; which, added to the public money, makes an aggregate of $511,878.58, paid for teachers' wages alone, in the common schools of the state. Thus it will be seen, that where the state, or the revenue of the School Fund, pays one dollar for teachers' wages, the inhabitant of the town pays by a tax on his town, and by voluntary contribution in his district, more than four dollars for the same object. This latter sum of four dollars is made up in the proportion of one dollar assessed upon property, to three dollars paid by the scholar,

"The above statement is founded upon actual returns, and reliance may be placed in its accuracy. It exhibits only the sum paid for tuition, which constitutes very little more than half the expense of supporting the schools, as the following estimate will show. The average between the number of districts organized, and those which have made reports, is 8,582; this number of school-houses, at an average price of $200 each, would show a capital of $1,716, 400, vested in school-houses; the interest of which, at 6 per cent., would be $102,984 00

"Annual expense of books for 480,000 scholars, at 50 cents

" Amount paid for teachers' wages, as appears by the abstract, 511,888 00 "Estimating in same ratio for 40 towns, not returning amount

A Comparative View of the Returns of Common Schools, from 1816 to

THE territory comprised in this state was included in the patent for large tracts in America, which was granted by Charles II. to his brother the Duke of York, in 1664; and in the same year the Duke conveyed this territory to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret; and it then received the name of New Jersey. In 1665, Philip Carteret was apppointed the first governor of the province, which then contained only a few families.

In 1676, New Jersey was divided into two provinces, East Jersey and West Jersey; the former continuing under the government of Carteret, and the latter being held, for a time, as a dependency of New York.

In 1632, East Jersey was transferred to William Penn and eleven associates; and Robert Barclay, the celebrated author of the Apology for the Principles of the Quakers, was appointed governor.

In 1702, East and West Jersey were again united into one province, by the name of New Jersey, under the governinent of Lord Cornbury, who was also governor of New York; and this connection with New York, continued till 1738, when a separate government was instituted, which lasted till the American Revolution. Lewis Morris was the first royal governor, and William Temple Franklin, a son of the celebrated Dr. Franklin, the last.

The Constitution of New Jersey was formed in 1776; and no revision of it has since taken place, except that the Legislature has undertaken to explain its provisions in particular parts. The government is vested in a Governor, Legislative Council, and General Assembly; and these bodies united are styled the Legislature.

The members of the Legislative Council and of the General Assembly, are elected annually, on the second Tuesday in October.

The number of members of the Legislative Council is 14, one being elected by each county in the state. The General Assembly has consisted, for a number of years past, of 43 members; but by a law enacted in 1829, seven additional members were added; and it will hereafter consist of 50 members, apportioned among the counties as follows;-Bergen 3, Essex 5, Morris 4, Sussex 3, Warren 3, Hutterdon 5, Somersett 3, Middlesex 4, Monmouth 4, Burlington 5, Gloucester 4, Salem 3, Cumberland 3, and Cape May 1.

The Legislature meets annually (at Trenton), on the fourth Tuesday in October.

The governor is chosen annually by a joint vote of the Council and Assembly, at their first joint meeting after each annual election. The Governor is President of the Council; and the Council also elect from their own body, at their first annual meeting, a vice-president, who acts in the place of the Governor in his absence. The Governor and Council form a Court of Appeals, in the last resort in all causes of law; and they possess the power of granting pardon to criminals after condemnation.

The Constitution grants the right of suffrage to "all persons of full age who are worth 50 pounds proclamation money, clear estate in the same, and have resided within the county in which they claim to vote for twelve months immediately preceding the election." [The Legislature has declared