and Mrs. Pringle. She had previously married James Ponisi, an actor of the company, which was very poor and used to make its way on foot from town to town. For twelve years she continued in the provinces, rising slowly into recognition until she attracted the attention of Mr. Macready, whom she supported for a week as leading lady of the theater at Newcastle-on-Tyne. Her first appearance in London was at the Surrey Theater, Dec. 26, 1848. She soon became the leading lady of that house, and remained there until 1850, when she came to the United States and made her American début at the Walnut Street Theater, Philadelphia, Oct. 7, as Mariana in Sheridan Knowles's The Wife. She played seven parts in her first week. She was transferred to the old Broadway Theater, where she made her first appearance, Nov. 11, 1850, as Lady Teazle. She was the leading woman of that theater until its removal in 1859. She played at Niblo's Garden as Zanine in The Cataract of the Ganges in December, 1853, and as Oberon in February, 1854. Edwin Forrest declared her Lady Macbeth the best on the stage. Her last part at the Broadway was Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra. In October, 1859, Dion Boucicault, who had written the part of Mrs. Cregan in the Colleen Bawn especially for her, engaged her for the production of that play at Laura Keene's Theater. The great success of the play kept her for a long time in that part. She then joined Edwin Forrest as the leading woman of his plays for several tours. She was the original Pompadour in Narcisse at Niblo's in 1863. In 1870 she played the Duchess with Fechter in The Duke's Motto at Niblo's, and she was the leading woman of that theater in the season of 1870-'71. In 1871 Mme. Ponisi was engaged for Lester Wallack's stock company as the representative of the grandes dames of its great repertory, and she retained that place until the death of Mr. Wallack ended the organization. To enumerate the rôles played by Mme. Ponisi in the course of the years she passed in the Wallack company would be to make a history of Wallack's Theater for a quarter of a century. After the Wallack company closed its career Mme. Ponisi played with Mrs. Potter in Twixt Axe and Crown for a short time at Wallack's (Thirtieth Street), and only occasionally thereafter in New York. Her last appearance was at the Academy of Music, New York, April 6, 1893. She was divorced from her first husband in 1855, and married Samuel Wallis, Feb. 10, 1858. Possiet, Constantin Nicolavich, Russian admiral, born in 1819; died in St. Petersburg, May 8, 1899. He entered the navy at an early age, gained a reputation by his treatises on gunnery, and was the inventor of improvements in naval ordnance that enabled the fleet to co-operate with the army in the conquest of the mountaineers in the Caucasus, whose strongholds were on the coasts of the Black Sea. He was governor of the Grand Duke Alexis (now commander in chief of the navy) from 1858 till 1874, and then Minister of Ways of Communication till 1888, and the originator in that office of extensive improvements in the harbors and water ways of the empire. An accident to the train on which the Czar was riding occasioned his retirement. As president of the Russian association for saving life at sea and on internal waters he initiated the establishment of most of the lifeboat stations. For the last ten years of his life he was a member of the Council of State.

Price. Sir Rose Lambart, English author, born in Trengwainton, Cornwall, July 26, 1837; died in Pontyclun, Wales, April 17, 1899. He

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served in the English army in India during the mutiny in 1857, and later in China, retiring in 1874 with the rank of major. In 1876 he published The Two Americas: An Account of Sport and Travel, with Notes on Men and Manners, which was deservedly popular.

Rechberg, Bernhard, Austrian statesman, born in Ratisbon in 1806; died Feb. 27, 1899. He was attaché to the legations in Berlin, London, and Brussels, then minister at Stockholm, and afterward at Rio de Janeiro. In 1847 he was appointed Austrian minister to the Germanic Confederation, and in this capacity he presided over the federal Diet at Frankfort. In 1859 he was called into the Cabinet as Minister of Foreign Affairs while the Italian war was in progress. The heavy task of treating for peace at Villafranca and at Zurich thus fell to him. He had also to direct the long negotiations relating to the Schleswig-Holstein question, which ended only in a war with Prussia, but he was forced to resign before the war came, and the Austrian army was defeated.

Reynolds, Joseph Williams, English clergyman, born in 1821; died in January, 1899. He was trained for business life, but entered the Church and was ordained to the curacy of St. Peter's, Belper, in 1849. In 1854 he was ap pointed principal of the Operative Jewish Converts' Institution. In 1859 he became the incumbent of St. Stephen's, Spitalfields, London, and subsequently rector of St. Anne's and St. Agnes's, London, from 1882. He was a prebendary of St. Paul's from 1880. He published The Miracles of Our Lord and Saviour (London, 1865); The Supernatural in Nature (1878); The Mystery of Miracles (1881); My Growth in the Divine Life (1883); The Mystery of the Universe (1884); and The World to Come: Immortality a Physical Fact (1888).

Rhea, Mademoiselle (Mlle. Hortense BarbeLoret), Belgian actress, born in Brussels, Sept. 4, 1844; died in Montmorency, France, May 5, 1899. She was the daughter of a wealthy organ builder, who died while she was a child, and was soon followed by his wife. She was educated under the care of guardians in the Ursuline Convent in Paris, and began to study for the stage soon after leaving school. Her début was made at the Theatre de la Monnaie, Brussels, in Les Doigts de Fée. After a season she was engaged as leading young woman of the Théâtre Française, Rouen, where she played for another season, and went to Paris, playing with success at the Vaudeville, and subsequently making a tour of France. She went on a tour in Russia in the early seventies, and after a successful engagement in St. Petersburg was engaged as leading actress of the Imperial Theater there, in which she began in 1876 a very prosperous career which lasted five years. On the assassination of the Emperor Alexander II, March 13, 1881, the Imperial company was disbanded and Rhea went to England. She placed herself under the tutelage of John Ryder, and after one month's study made her debut as Beatrice in Much Ado about Nothing at the Gaiety Theater, London. Harry Sargent engaged her for a tour of the American cities. Her first appearance in the United States was at the Park Theater, Brooklyn, as Camille, Nov. 14, 1881. She was not very successful at first, principally on account of the difficulty with which she spoke English, but after a somewhat disappointing tour she entered into an engagement in 1882 with Arthur B. Chase, under whose direction she made several tours that were profitable. Her repertory consisted of Adrienne Lecouvreur, Camille, Pygma

lion and Galatea, The Country Girl, A Dangerous Game, The School for Scandal, Frou-Frou, and L'Aventuriere. She was the first actress to present in English a play on the subject of Napoleon, and it is said that her success in this particular had much to do with the renewed interest in him in the United States. Josephine, Empress of the French, adapted by William Harris, was first presented by Rhea at Buffalo, Sept. 2, 1882. This play afforded her the best opportunities of her career, and she played it almost continuously until about two years before her death. She played occasionally during that time The New Magdalen, The Lady of Lyons, The Queen of Sheba, and Nell Gwynn. Her last performance was in Hagerstown, Md., April 2, 1898.

Righton, Edward Corrie, English actor, born in London in October, 1838; died there, Jan. 1, 1899. He was the son of Thomas Collins Righton, an artist. When fifteen years old he went on the stage at Sadler's Wells Theater, and for several seasons he played small parts. For a few years he gave monologue entertainments in England and the United States, and in 1871 he assumed the management of The Court Theater, London. For two years of his management he played with success low comedy parts in a great number of new plays. He subsequently appeared in many of the London theaters, and was very successful as Dogberry in Much Ado about Nothing, Tony Lumpkin in She Stoops to Conquer, Bob Acres in The Rivals, and Touchstone in As You Like It. During the season 1877-'78 he managed the Globe Theater, London, and produced the successful plays Stolen Kisses and Dearer than Life. Until 1881 he played with his own company in the provinces, and in that year returned to London to play Mr. Parmenter Blake in Pinero's Imprudence. In 1887 he became a member of the Conway-Farren company. Beerbohm Tree's production of The Merry Wives of Windsor, Sept. 13, 1888, he played Parson Evans. In the Lyceum production of The Dead Heart, September, 1889, he played Toupet the Barber. Oct. 16, 1890, he was again with Mr. Tree at the Crystal Palace, playing Moses in The School for Scandal. He contributed poems to periodicals and wrote a play called Insurance Money. His pen name was Corrie Burns. His last appearance was May 24, 1899, when he recited his own poem Just what I was when a Boy at a hospital benefit.

In

Ristich, Jovan, Servian statesman, born in Kragujevatz in 1831; died Sept. 4, 1899. He studied in Berlin, Heidelberg, and Paris, and on his return to Servia became a clerk in the Ministry of the Interior, rose to the head of his department, and was sent by Prince Milosh in 1860 on a mission to Constantinople. He was diplomatic agent there in 1862 when the Turkish garrison in Belgrade bombarded the town, and conducted the negotiations that resulted in 1867 in the evacuation by the Turks of all the Servian fortresses. This success made him so popular that Prince Michael appointed him Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in a Conservative Cabinet, although he was a Liberal. His speedy resignation increased his popularity, and after the Prince's assassination in 1868 he was appointed regent, with Blaznavatz and Gavrilovich as co-regents, until Prince Milan should attain his majority. He was the leading spirit of the regency, especially after the death of Blaznavatz, and was the chief author of the Constitution of 1869, which was replaced in 1888 by a Radical Constitution, and then put in force again in 1864 by King Alexander after his coup d'état.

He obtained from the Sultan Abdul Aziz a recognition of the hereditary rights of the Obrenovich dynasty, thus paving the way for the subsequent recognition of Servian independence. His Austrophil policy made the friends of Russia his enemies and caused an estrangement between Servia and Montenegro. Consequently he resigned the post of Prime Minister when Prince Milan reached his majority in 1872. He came into power again in 1876, was at the head of the Government during the war with Turkey, and in 1878 was sent as the Servian representative to the Congress at Berlin. The incorporation in Servia of the districts of Nish, Vranja, and Pirot, and the final recognition of Servian independence were gratifying to the Servians, but they and the Montenegrins were equally disappointed when Austria was allowed to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina. He adopted a hostile attitude toward Austria after his return, leaning upon Russia, and broke off negotiations with the dual monarchy for a commercial treaty. Austrian influence compelled him in 1880 to resign his offices of Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, and he remained out till 1887, when he was the head of a short-lived Liberal Cabinet. As such he carried through a revision of the Constitution of 1869. When King Milan abdicated in 1889 Ristich became a member of the regency appointed to conduct affairs during the minority of Prince Alexander. He took the side of the ex-King in his conflict with Queen Natalie, whom he forcibly expelled from Servia. In 1893 the young King dismissed his regents and declared himself of age. Ristich was out of favor until 1896, when he was once more called upon to form a ministry, having been chosen leader of the Liberal party in 1895 as the man best fitted to cope with the difficulties of the Balkan situation at that critical time. retired after a brief tenure of office. He was a good linguist and the author of two volumes on Servian life and literature, written in German when he was a young man; also of papers on Servian history, the result of investigations in the Paris archives. He lived sumptuously in a Belgrade mansion, having accumulated a fortune.

He

Rittner, Eduard, Austrian statesman, born in Bursztyn, Galicia, in 1845; died in September, 1899. He was Professor of Canon Law and afterward rector of the University of Lemberg, taking little part in politics until he was called in 1895 to the Ministry of Public Instruction in the Kielmansegg Cabinet. In the Cabinet of Count Badeni he was retained as a representative of Galicia, but without a portfolio. He was a Deputy for Galicia in the Reichsrath and a member of the Galician Diet.

Roberts, Sir Randal Howland, English actor and author, born in the County Cork, Ireland, March 28, 1837; died in Clapham, England, Oct. 3, 1899. He was the fourth baronet of his succession, a retired captain of the 33d Regiment of the British army. He served in the Crimean War and the Indian mutiny. When the FrancoPrussian War broke out in 1870 he went to the Continent as war correspondent, with the Prussian forces, of the London Telegraph. His début both as an actor and as a dramatist occurred at the Olympic Theater, London, May 15, 1876, in his own comedietta Under a Veil. He became a favorite player of light, genteel comedy parts. He was a member of the company of the Olympic Theater for a season, and was subsequently in the United States one season. He wrote short plays of considerable merit, and was also author of popular military and sporting novels and histories. His best-known works are Riverside, or the

Trout and the Grayling, a novel (London, 1866); Glenmahra, or the Western Highlands (1870); Modern War, or the Campaign of the First Prussian Army (1870); In the Shires (1887); The Silver Trout, and Other Stories (1887); and Curb and Snaffle, a novel (1888).

Rochebouet, Gen., French soldier and statesman, born in Angers in 1813; died in February, 1899. He took part in the Crimean War and in the Italian campaign. In the Franco-German War he commanded the artillery in the Army of the Rhine, with which he was made prisoner at Metz. Marshal MacMahon chose Gen. Rochebouet to form the Cabinet that succeeded the BroglieFourtou Cabinet in November, 1877. He held the portfolio of Minister of War, and when he confronted the Deputies as President of the Council they passed an order of the day declaring that the Chamber refused to enter into relations with him because it saw in the constitution of his Cabinet the negation of parliamentary principles. The Chamber was dissolved, but fresh elections resulted in the return of the 363 Opposition members. The Rochebouet Cabinet therefore disappeared on Dec. 14, giving place to the Dufaure Cabinet, and thus was ended the political crisis begun on May 16, 1877.

Romero, Matias, Mexican diplomatist, born in Oaxaca, Feb. 24, 1837; died in Washington, D. C., Jan. 1, 1899. He was appointed secretary of the Mexican legation in Washington in 1859, and acted as chargé d'affaires till 1863, then left for home and in a short time returned as minister.

He occupied this post till 1868, and negotiated the treaties consequent upon the fall of the Emperor Maximilian. In 1884 he was again appointed minister at Washington, and he occupied the post till his death.

Ronsbey, Arthur, English singer, born in Yorkshire in 1852; died at sea, Oct. 29, 1899. He ran away from home and joined a traveling company at the age of seventeen, but soon afterward, with the consent of his parents, devoted himself to the study of music. He was engaged by Gilbert and Sullivan for the first production of The Sorcerer in March, 1878, was the original Sir Marmaduke Pointdextre, and continued as a principal singer with the Gilbert and Sullivan productions until 1884. In 1879 he played Dick Deadeye in Pinafore, and subsequently Captain Corcoran. His next and probably most original creation was Grosvenor in Patience. He played this part many months in London, until sent by Mr. D'Oyly Carte to America for a restful change. His first appearance in New York in the autumn of 1883 was as Derrick in Planquette's Rip Van Winkle. His next part was Strephon in Iolanthe. After a short season in New York and Philadelphia he was recalled to London to resume his presentation of Grosvenor. After singing that part in various cities for a year, he obtained his release. He then entered English grand opera at Covent Garden, and made a profound sensation by his singing of Wolfe the Blacksmith in The Pied Piper of Hamelin. He played also Valentine and Count di Luna, and was engaged by Mr. Gye for the grand Italian opera for four years. The death of the Duke of Albany prevented the carrying out of this contract, and Mr. Ronsbey, after singing in several concert tours, organized his own English opera company in 1887. In this venture he was very fortunate, and he continued financially and artistically successful to the time of his death. He was the first to produce Cavalleria Rusticana, Gli Pagliacci, and Pellegrini's Mercedes in English. He had just completed a tour of South Africa, and was returning with

his company to England when suddenly stricken with fatal illness.

His

Saint-Germain (François-Victor-Arthur Gilles de Saint-Germain), French actor, born in Paris, Jan. 12, 1823; died there, July 16, 1899. He was schooled to follow his father's profession of architect, but his family suffered misfortune, and he became a bookseller's assistant. He made the acquaintance of Michel Masson, an actor, and a strong friendship began, which resulted in his entering the Conservatoire. There he was a pupil of Provost and a comrade of Got and Delaunay. He took the first prize for comedy, Aug. 5, 1852, and went with Provost on a playing tour. début was made at the Odéon, Paris, Sept. 17, 1853, as Pasquin in Jeu de l'Amour et du Hasard. He originated there Torny in Mauprat, Antoine in Conquête de Ma Femme, Alexandre in Que Dira le Monde? and Crispin in Dernier Crispin. On July 1, 1854, he became a pensionnaire of the Comedie Française, and made his début at the Théâtre Française, as René in Depit Amoureux. His position became irksome to him in 1859, and he resigned, although upon the point of becoming a sociétaire. He went then to the vaudeville, where he remained in the performance of important rôles for sixteen years. Thence he went to the Gymnase, where he played nine years, and appeared occasionally at the Ambigu and the Palais Royal. He was always regarded as one of the best character actors on the French stage. Saunders, Charlotte, English actress, born in London in 1826; died in Kettering, Northamptonshire, March 31, 1899. She made her début in May, 1833, at Wakefield, Yorkshire, in the rôle of Duke of York in Richard III. After acting children's parts for several years, she received great credit for her performance of Tillie Slowboy at the opening of the Theater Royal, Manchester, in January, 1846. She forthwith became a favorite soubrette of the Liverpool circuit, and went to London in August, 1849, where she made a very favorable impression as Mopsa in A Winter's Tale. In October, 1849, she played with Alfred Wigan in The First Night at the Princess's Theater, and in December, 1851, was the original Chang in Francis Talfourd's burlesque The Willow-Pattern Plate at the Strand Theater. In 1852 she went to Dublin, where she became the rage, and remained a great favorite, reproducing all the comedy successes of Mme Vestris and the Planché burlesques. In December, 1858, she returned to the Strand Theater, where she played the leading parts in all the successful burlesques of Henry J. Byron and other popular dramatists. She was of the original cast of Falconer's Nature above Art at Drury Lane, September, 1863, and in December, 1864, originated the part of Hercules in Brough's Hercules and Omphale at St. James's Theater. She was the original Bob Buckskin, the jockey in Boucicault's Flying Scud, at the Holborn Theater, Oct. 6, 1866, and played the part during its long run there and its revival in 1868. She played the original parts Billie Taylor in Burnand's Billie Taylor, Lord Ronald in Claude Duval, Tiddy Dragglethorpe in Lost in London, Ganymede in Ixion, and many characters in standard drama. In 1884 she retired.

Sarcey, Francisque, French critic, born in Dourdan, Oct. 8, 1828; died in Paris, May 18, 1899. He won the first honor at the Charlemagne Lyceum, and was fifth in his class in the École Normale. For several years he filled a professorship conscientiously, and then joined the staff of Figaro, attracting attention by his first article. He became a writer also for the Opinion Nationale, in which he began his career as a dramatic

critic. At the time of the political crisis of 1877 he contributed to the XIX Siécle a series of anticlerical articles that had a great effect on public opinion. He wrote philosophical reflections for L'Illustration, which were printed in a little volume called Le Mot et la Chose. Nearly all the literary journals and reviews had articles of his, either signed with his own name or with the pen name Sganarelle. He was one of the most successful of lecturers also, but his originality, his energy, and his influence found their main field of action in the domain of theatrical criticism, where he became involved in many an acrid dispute, as with the admirers of Victor Hugo, with Becque, with Zola, or with Coquelin and other players. He wrote a little piece called Les Millions de la Mansarde, which was signed by Edmond About, and after that he made no further essay as a dramatist, fearing lest the author's self-love might pervert his critical powers. A like apprehension caused him to refrain from seeking a fauteuil in the Academy, as this would necessitate his soliciting the votes of persons whose works he had to criticise. Francisque Sarcey published numerous volumes, notably Étienne Moret, containing souvenirs of the École Normale, La Siège de Paris, and Comédiens et Comédiennes.

Schönborn, Franz Carl Erwin Paul, Austrian prelate, born in Prague, Jan. 24, 1844; died in Falkenau, June 25, 1899. He was the third of the Counts Schönborn whose family has for generations held the episcopal sees of Prague, Mainz, and Olmütz. In early life he was a cuirassier officer, and in 1866 at Königgrätz he distinguished himself by leading his men through a Prussian regiment. Studying theology later at Rome and at Innsbruck, he became Bishop of Budweiss in 1883, and in 1887 Primate of Bohemia. He was the confessor and confidant of the Emperor, and in 1889 was made a cardinal.

Shanly, Walter, civil engineer, born in the County Queens, Ireland, Oct. 11, 1819; died in Montreal, Canada, Dec. 17, 1899. His father, the late James Shanly, a member of the Irish bar, settled in the county of Middlesex, province of Ontario, in 1836. He was educated by private tuition, and adopted the profession of a civil engineer. He was early employed by the Government of Canada on the works of the Beauharnois and Welland Canals; was engaged on railway works in the United States in 1848-'50, and was engineer of the Ottawa and Prescott Railway in 1850-53. He was engineer of the western division of the Grand Trunk Railway, 1851-'59; engineer on the Ottawa and French River Navigation surveys, 1856-'58; and general manager of the Grand Trunk Railway, 1858-62. His most important work as a railway constructor was the Hoosac Tunnel, in Massachusetts, which he successfully constructed in conjunction with his brother Francis in 1869-75, after several American contractors had failed. He sat in the old Parliament of Canada from 1863 to the union in 1867. When confederation was accomplished he sat in the Dominion House of Commons during the whole of the first Parliament and two others.

Simson, Martin Eduard von, German statesman, born in Königsberg in 1810; died in Berlin, May 3, 1899. He became Professor of Law at Königsberg in 1833, at the same time following his career in the judiciary, was elected to the National Assembly in 1848, and was made first secretary, then vice-president, and finally president, of that body. He declined to be re-elected as president in 1849, when Wilhelm IV of Prussia refused the proffered imperial Crown, and ac

cepted a seat in the Prussian Chamber of Depu ties. He was president of the Erfurt Parliament in 1850, and when it broke down he retired until he entered the Prussian Chamber again when the new era began and was elected its president in 1861. He had stood out for the principles of moderate Liberalism, equally opposed to the advanced theories of Young Germany and the reactionary policy of Prussian Conservatism. He was elected president of the Constituent Assembly, and was president of the North German Diet, of the Zoll Parliament, and of the German Reichstag when they were successively constituted. On Dec. 18, 1870, Friedrich Wilhelm IV accepted the tender that he made in the name of the North German Reichstag of the imperial Crown. Von Simson resigned the presidency of the Reichstag in 1874, and in 1877 his seat. He presided over the Supreme Court of the empire till 1891. Skene, Felicia Mary Frances, English philanthropist and novelist, born in Aix, Provence, May 23, 1821; died in Oxford, England, Oct. 6, 1899. She was the youngest daughter of James Skene of Rubislaw, a noted traveler. Much of her early life was spent abroad, but in 1844 she returned to England, and nearly all her after life was passed in Oxford. When that city was visited by a cholera epidemic in 1854 Miss Skene organized a band of nurses, some of whom she dispatched to Miss Florence Nightingale at Scutari after the opening of the Crimean War. Later she engaged in rescue work, and from 1878 until her death she visited the Oxford jail week by week. She was the author of Hidden Depths, a story of rescue work (1866), and other books.

Strauss, Johann, Austrian composer, born in Vienna, Oct. 25, 1825; died there, June 3, 1899. His father, who was the originator of waltz music, had a poor idea of his son's talents in the same vein, though he had composed waltzes from the age of six, and determined to make a business man of him. His mother, however, helped him to obtain the necessary instruction, and before he was eighteen years old he organized and conducted an orchestra and at once captivated the Vienna public with waltzes and polkas of his own composing. After his fame was established he made tours through Great Britain, the United States, France, Russia, and Germany. For ten successive summers he gave concerts in St. Petersburg, besides taking his orchestra frequently to London, Paris, Berlin, and America. In 1872 he took part in Gilmore's Peace Jubilee in Boston. After composing dance music for many years, he tried his hand at an operetta, Indigo, which was produced in 1871, and met with instantaneous success, impelling him to give up his office as conductor of the court balls in order to devote himself to this new field. He relinquished later the conductorship of his orchestra, one of the most perfectly trained in the world, into the hands of his youngest brother, Eduard. His Fledermaus (1874) became popular in every musical city. His Ritter Pasman, brought out in 1892, was a serious opera, and was not well received. His comic opera Simplicimus (1887) had also little success. The operettas that became popular not only in Austria but in other countries include Cagliostro, The Forty Thieves, Carnival in Rome, Prince Methusalem, The Tzigane, The Queen's Lace Handkerchief, The Merry War, A Night in Venice, and The Gipsy Baron. Some of his best-known waltzes are the Beautiful Blue Danube; Wine, Women, and Song: Roses from the South; Thousand and One Nights; Künstlerleben; Wiener Blut; and Morgenblätter. He wrote 500 waltzes.

Swanwick, Anna, English author, born in Liverpool in 1813; died in Tunbridge Wells, Nov. 2, 1899. She went to Berlin in 1839, and obtained a familiar acquaintance of the German language and literature, and of Greek also, and some knowledge of Hebrew. After returning to Eng. land in 1843 she made notable translations and published several original books. She was one of the early and zealous promoters of the higher education of women in England, and gave a part of her time to teaching young working men and

women.

Thorne, Sir Richard Thorne, English physician, born in Leamington, Oct. 13, 1841; died in London in December, 1899. He was educated at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and at London University, and was knighted in 1897. His professional writings include Use and Influence of Hospitals for Infectious Diseases (1882); Progress of Preventive Medicine during the Victorian Era (1887); Natural History and Prevention of Diphtheria (1891); and Administrative Control of Tuberculosis (1898).

Thorne, Sarah, English actress, born in Chatham in 1837; died there, Feb. 27, 1899. She was a daughter of Richard Samuel Thorne, manager of the Pavilion Theater, London, in 1849, in which year she appeared as a child in pantomime. Her first speaking part was Little Pickle in The Spoiled Child, her next was the hero in E. G. Burton's Warrior Boy. Her success in this play caused the production of another by the same author, The Blind Child of Africa. She was then sent to school for a few years, and on her return to the stage was engaged at the Surrey Theater, and appeared as Zamora in The Honeymoon. She took a leading place at the Britannia Theater, London, and was a favorite there for a year. She then went to the Theater Royal, Dublin, where for three years she played everything from Shakespearean heroines to the women of the farces, and supported a great number of leading actors. After passing a season each in Glasgow and Brighton she joined Mr. Creswick in a joint starring season at the Standard Theater, Shoreditch. She became soon afterward the lessee of the Theater Royal, Margate, and was such at the time of her death. She was one of the first to travel through England with her own supporting company, and for many years she played a greatly varied round of characters in profitable tours. Her last performance was in September, 1898, as Parthenia in Ingomar. She married Edmund McKnight, a journalist.

Tissandier, Gaston, French scientist, born in Paris, Nov. 21, 1843; died there, Sept. 6, 1899. He had a scientific education, applying himself especially to chemistry and physics, and with his brother Albert devoted his attention to aërostatics, making 44 balloon ascensions, one of them 8,600 metres high. He wrote numerous popular works on chemistry, photography, and aërostaties, and from 1873 was editor of La Nature.

Traill, Mrs. Catherine Parr (Strickland), Canadian author, born in London, England, Jan. 9, 1802; died in Lakefield, Ontario, in August, 1899. She was a sister of Agnes Strickland, the historical writer. All the five Strickland sisters achieved literary distinction, but Mrs. Traill was the first to write, and her success induced her other sisters to undertake literary work. In 1832 she married Lieut. Traill, and immediately went to Canada with him, where they settled near Rice lake. She was the author of The Backwoods of Canada (London, 1835); Canadian Crusoes (1852); Ramblings in the Canadian Forest (1854); The Female Emigrant's Guide (To

ronto, 1855); Canadian Settler's Guide (seventh edition, 1857); Stories of the Canadian Forest (New York, 1856); Lady Mary and her Nurse, or a Peep into Canadian Forests (London, 1856); Afar in the Forest (1869); Studies of Plant Life (Ottawa, 1884); and other books.

Wakeman, Henry Offley, English author, born Sept. 25, 1852; died in May, 1899. He was educated at Oxford, was called to the bar in 1877, and was modern history lecturer and tutor at Keble College, Oxford, from 1881. He was the author of The History of Religion in England (1885); What has Christianity done for England? (1886); The Church and the Puritans (1887); Life of Charles James Fox; The Ascendency of France; and Introduction to the History of the Church of England.

Waller, Mrs. Emma, English actress, born in London in 1819; died in New York city, Feb. 28, 1899. Her wealthy parents educated her for the operatic stage, but she turned her attention to the drama and began with an English provincial company in 1848. In 1849 she married Daniel Wilmarth Waller, an American actor. In 1851, with her husband, she sailed for California and Australia. At Honolulu they played a very successful engagement, and upon their arrival in Australia they were enthusiastically received. The reputation acquired in Australia went before them to London, and when they returned to that city in 1856 it was to play a series of brilliant engagements at Drury Lane Theater. Mrs. Waller's début was in the part of Pauline in The Lady of Lyons, Sept. 15, 1856. For a year both Mr. and Mrs. Waller were associated with popular Shakespearean successes at Drury Lane and Sadler's Wells. In 1857 they came to Philadelphia, where Mrs. Waller made her American début at the Walnut Street Theater as Ophelia to her husband's Hamlet. But her first success was as Lady Macbeth. This part she played on the third night of her engagement, and the wonderful passion and power of her performance electrified the audience. Her next important appearance was at the Broadway Theater, New York, as Marina in The Duchess of Malfi to her husband's Ferdinand. The peculiar manner in which she portrayed this gloomy and grewsome part seemed to exercise a fascination upon the public, and she was long identified with its performance. For nearly ten years Mrs. Waller made extensive and prosperous tours of the United States. Dec. 27, 1869, she appeared for the first time as Meg Merrilies at Booth's Theater, New York city, and immediately achieved a triumph, which was duplicated by her performance of Bianca in Fazio at the same theater, Feb. 26, 1870. In 1876 she assumed the management of the Troy Opera House, which she retained for many years. She revived Guy Mannering at Booth's Theater, New York, supported by her husband, Dec. 6, 1875, and entered upon an extensive and very prosperous tour of the country. On this tour they went to California, where they were enthusiastically patronized. On her return to the East Mrs. Waller played only occasionally, and preferred to devote her time to work as a teacher and to Shakespearean readings. Her last appearance in public was in the reading of selections from Shakespeare and the classic dramas at Chickering Hall, New York, Dec. 1, 1881.

Wauchope, Andrew Gilbert, British soldier, born in Midlothian in 1846; died in South Africa, Dec. 11, 1899. He was the son of a large landowner, entered the army as an ensign in the Black Watch in 1865, served as adjutant from 1870 till 1873, when he went out with the Ashanti