Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... sugar exports . The trough in sugar exports was not reached until 1936 , when their value was not 10 percent of that in 1927-28 . Despite the devaluation of 1936 and except for the one good year of 1939 , between 1937 and 1940 the ...
... sugar . In the settled lands of the Lower Brantas and the north coast , the growth in area under sugar had been achieved partly by reclamation of swampland and jungle , partly by conver- sion of dry land to irrigated fields , and partly ...
... sugar exporter , sugar had been the staple of East Java's trade . Until the mid - 1920s sugar had constituted over two - thirds of the value of exports through Surabaya , after which falling prices reduced the proportion to about half ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |