Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... remained very much in his shadow . This situation was reinforced on 1 January 1929 , when , under the Administrative Reform Law ( Bestuurshervorm- ingswet ) of 1922 , the province of East Java was called into being as an intermediate ...
... remained exempt ( see below ) . Until the collapse of civilian government in 1942 , the municipality therefore remained a patch- work of authority rather than a true citywide government . Aboli- tion in 1931 of the now mainly ceremonial ...
... remained hostage to Republican armed forces . Albeit by force of circumstance , the cities and their industrial base thus became more central to Dutch economic policy . In a situation of depressed agricultural exports and an apparently ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |