Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... especially culti- vating Islamic leaders , and by dint of gerrymandering and intimi- dation was able by September 1948 to reconstitute twelve regency councils , all with majorities in favor of the negara ( Kahin 1952 , 378–81 ) . After ...
... especially those on the surrounding private estates . Most of the non- primary employment , almost another third of the total , was associ- ated with the service sector , especially household servants , " coolie " laborers , traders ...
... especially school children , for the Netherlands was the European home of the bicycle . However , it was Indonesians for whom the bicycle was a transport revolution , a very necessary one in that the rapid expansion of city area and the ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |