Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... dwellers went begging . Another conflict arose with the introduction of water meters . To reduce fecal pollution and control the spread of infectious diseases such as typhoid and cholera , as part of kampung improvement the Municipality ...
... dwellers would be branded as troublemakers , with the threat of police or army intervention if there was any disturbance . Kampung dwellers were thereby forced to bear external costs of the project through loss of home and often ...
... dwellers had any rights at all . Since many kampung dwellers , and often entire com- munities , had gained occupancy in more disordered times on the basis of verbal agreements with now deceased landholders or for- mer government ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |