Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... becak , which were ubiquitous and convenient but hardly a cheap means of commuting . After Independence the unlimited supply of drivers , usually rural emigrants , who were willing to work hard for modest earnings , had enabled the becak ...
... becak ( MPW 1982 , 15 ) . Automobile numbers have been doubling every decade , but by 1997 the total of 168,600 passenger sedans , jeeps , and wagons was only a quarter of the 670,00 motor- cycles ( KMS , SDA , 1998 ) . The traffic ...
... becak bemo benedenstad BM Town square , traditionally in front of the ruler's palace . Allied Military Administration , Civil Affairs Branch ( 1946-49 ) . ( Algemeene Nederlandsch - Indische Electriciteit Maatschappij ) . The General ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |