Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... Semarang , of which the Dutch formally took control three years later ( Ricklefs 1974 , 38–39 ) . By virtue of its proximity to the court of Mataram , Semarang became the center of the VOC administration and commerce on the north coast ...
A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000 Howard W. Dick. contrast with Semarang ( Stevens 1984 ) . In the 1900s business and government there were also preoccupied with the improvement of port facilities . In Semarang the decision was taken to ...
... Semarang was the center of political radicalism , trade unionism , and industrial action . Surabaya had the larger industrial work force and was the headquarters of Sarekat Islam yet lagged in unionization . Its urban Indonesian ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |