Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000Ohio University Center for International Studies/Ohio University Press, 2002 - 541 halaman Surabaya is Indonesia's second largest city but is not well known to the outside world. Yet in 1900, Surabaya was a bigger city than Jakarta and one of the main commercial centers of Asia. Collapse of sugar exports during the 1930s depression, followed by the Japanese occupation, revolution, and independence, brought on a long period of stagnation and retreat from the international economy. Not until the export boom of the 1990s did Surabaya regain prominence as Southeast Asia's leading non-capital-city industrial area. |
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... Independence as Kota Pradja , under the New Order as Kota Madya ( or Kotamadya ) , and now as Pe- merintah Kota ( Pemkot ) ; municipality in lowercase denotes the administrative area of the city . Independence when capitalized denotes ...
... independence . The educated elite who led the movement for independence thereby helped to sow the seeds of popular revolt . Beyond Independence Good government is a matter of routine as much as policy . In the late - colonial period the ...
... Independence . Cir- cumstances after Independence would reinforce Surabaya's subor- dinate status . INDEPENDENCE The transfer of sovereignty in December 1949 marked no obvious discontinuity in industrial policy , for the groundwork had ...
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Southeast Asian Studies: Debates and New Directions Cynthia Chou,Vincent Houben Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |