Gambar halaman
PDF
ePub

partly on the ground of its having been previously dis covered by Englishmen, and was considered as a part of Virginia. The Dutch continued to hold the country until 1664, and in the mean time they carried on a profitable trade with the natives.

7. New York and New Jersey were for several years ruled by the same governor, but each chose a separate assembly. Pennsylvania and Delaware were also gov erned by the same governor. The colony of Pennsyl vania was founded by William Penn. He published the "Frame of Government for Pennsylvania." The object of this frame of government was declared to be, the support of power by the people, and the protection of the people against the abuse of power. It was declared that liberty without obedience was confusion, and obedience without liberty was slavery.

8. In 1632, Charles I. granted to Lord Baltimore the territory of Maryland, and created him the absolute proprietor of it. He was empowered, with the assent of the freemen of the colony, to make laws and administer them, even without their being transmitted to the king for his

assent.

9. Between 1640 and 1650 persons suffering from religious persecution in Virginia fled into Carolina. They acknowledged no superior on earth, and obeyed no laws but those of God and nature. Subsequently a charter was granted to the Earl of Clarendon and others, empowering them to enact and publish any laws which they

Why? What name did they give to it? What name did they give to their station on Manhattan Island? On what two grounds did the English government lay claim to the territory? How long did the Dutch continue to hold the country?

7. How were New York and New Jersey for many years ruled? How were Pennsylvania and Delaware ruled? By whom was Pennsylvania founded? What did William Penn publish? What was declared to be the object of this frame of government?

8. To whom was the territory of Maryland granted? By whom? What was he empowered to do, with the assent of the freemen of the colony?

9. Who first settled in Carolina? What only did they acknowledge and obey? To whom was a charter subsequently granted? What were

should judge necessary, with the assent of the freemen of the colony. They prepared a model government, assisted by the celebrated John Locke. It consisted of one hundred and twenty articles. It was an experiment in political science, which proved in effect useless and impracticable. About the year 1670, the north and south provinces began to be known as North and South Carolina.

CHAPTER VI.

UNITED COLONIES OF NEW ENGLAND.

1. Soon after the commencement of the civil war in England between Charles I. and parliament, a union of the colonies in New England was formed. They assumed the title of "The United Colonies of New England." Two commissioners were appointed from cach colony. They met in Boston, in May, 1643, and drew up and signed the "ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION." By these articles, the colonies entered into a firm and perpetual league of friendship and amity, for offence and defence, mutual advice and succor upon all just occasions, both for preserving and propagating the truth and liberties of the gospel, and for their own mutual safety and welfare.

2. Each colony was to retain its own peculiar jurisdiction and government. No other colony was to be received as a confederate, nor any two united into one ju

they empowered to do? What did they prepare? By whose assistance? Or what did it consist? How did this experiment succeed? When did the north and south provinces begin to be known as North and South Carolina ?

1. When was a union formed among the New England colonies? What title did they assume? How many commissioners were appointed from each colony? Where did the commissioners meet? When? What did they draw up and sign? Into what league did they enter? For what purpose?

2. What was each colony to retain? Could other colonies be admitted

risdiction, without the consent of the others. The affairs of the colonies were to be managed by two persons from each colony, styled commissioners. The cominissioners were to meet annually in the colonies in succession. They were to choose a president when they met. The decision of six commissioners was to be binding on all. They had power to hear and determine all affairs of war and peace-leagues, aids, charges, and number of men for war—and division of the spoils, and whatever is gotten by conquest.

3. The expenses of all just wars were to be borne by each colony in proportion to its number of male inhabitants between the ages of sixteen and sixty. In case any colony was suddenly invaded, on the request of three magistrates of such colony, the other confederates were immediately to send aid to the colony invaded. The commissioners were to take into consideration, afterwards, the cause of such invasion, and if it should appear that the fault was in the colony invaded, such colony was not only to make satisfaction to the invaders, but to bear all the expenses of the war.

4. Fugitives from justice and runaway servants were to be returned to the colonies where they belonged, or from which they had fled. This confederacy, which was declared to be perpetual, continued without any essential alteration for about forty years. It undoubtedly served as a basis of the articles of confederation adopted by the thirteen colonies.

5. Soon after Charles II. was restored (1660), he com

as confederates? How often were the commissioners to meet? What officer were they authorized to choose? How many commissioners had the power to bind all? What powers were assigned to the commissioners?

3. How were the expenses of all just wars to be borne? If any colony was suddenly invaded, what was to be done? What were the commis sioners afterwards to consider? If the fault was in the colony invaded, what was to be done?

4. What was the provision as to fugitives from justice and runaway servants? How long did this confederacy continue? Of what did it form the basis?

manded the governor and council to send persons to England to answer certain complaints made against Massachusetts. The governor called the general court together, and they agreed to acknowledge Charles as their sovereign lord and king. An address was forwarded to him to that effect. The king returned a letter to the colony, confirming, and offering to renew, their charter,tendering pardon to all his subjects for all offences, except such as stood attainted, but requiring the following conditions: 1. That all laws made in the late troubles, derogatory to the royal authority and government, should be repealed; 2. That the rules of the charter for administering the oath of allegiance should be observed; 3. That the administration of justice should be in the king's name; 4. That liberty of conscience in the use of the common prayer should be observed; 5. That there should be impartiality in the election of the governor and magistrates, without regard to any faction in respect to their opinions or profession; 6. That all freeholders of competent estates, orthodox in their religion, not vicious in their lives, though of different persuasions concerning church government, should be admitted to vote.

6. The general court, in replying to his majesty's letter, stated that for the repealing of all laws here established since the late changes, derogatory to his majesty's authority and government, they had considered thereof, and were not conscious of any to that tendency; that concerning the oath of allegiance, they were ready to attend to it as formerly, according to charter; that concerning liberty to use the common prayer, none among them had appeared to desire it.

5. What demand did Charles II. make upon the governor and council of Massachusetts? What act on did they take? What answer did the king return? To what citizens did he tender pardon? What laws were to be repealed? What special rules of the charter were to be observed? In whose name was justice to be administered? What liberty of conscience was to be observed? What was the rule as to elections? Who were to be admitted to vote?

6. What was the reply in reference to repealing laws? In refer

7. In 1675, and during the reign of Charles II., occurred the famous Indian war known as King Philip's War. A confederacy was formed among the Indians capable of sending into action more than three thousand warriors. The war on the part of the colonists was conducted by the commissioners of the United Colonies of New England. In this contest New England lost six hundred of her colonists, and a great amount of property. More than six hundred houses were laid in ashes, and a heavy debt was also incurred. The colonists acted perfectly independent of the government of England. They did not receive the slightest assistance from that government, neither did they ask it. They fought their own battles, and spent their own treasure in the defence of their homes, families, and firesides.

CHAPTER VII.

POSSESSION OF NEW NETHERLANDS TAKEN BY THE ENGLISH.

1. AFTER Charles II. ascended the throne of England he granted a charter to the Duke of York, conveying to him the country held by the Dutch, called by them the New Netherlands. An armament, under the command of Colonel Nichols, was dispatched to conquer the territory. He was appointed deputy-governor of the territory he was about to conquer. Feter Stuyvesant was then the

ence to the oath of allegiance? In reference to the use of the common prayer?

7. During whose reign did King Philip's War occur? How many warriors was the Indian confederacy capable of sending into the field? By whom conducted on the part of the colonists? How many did the colonists lose? How many houses were destroyed? Did the colonists receive any assistance from England? Did they ask any?

1. To whom did Charles II. grant a charter of New Netherlands? Who was appointed deputy-governor? Who was the Dutch governor

« SebelumnyaLanjutkan »