board perished. His brother-in-law, Sir Walter Raleigh, obtained from Queen Elizabeth a transfer of his charter. He equipped and sent out two vessels, under Amadas and Barlow, to obtain information of the coast, the soil, and the inhabitants of the region he designed to colonize. On their return, they gave a most glowing account of the country they had discovered. Delighted with this description, and with the prospect of possessing the territory, Queen Elizabeth was pleased to honor both the country and herself by bestowing upon it the name of Virginia, as the discovery had been made under a virgin queen.

2. In 1585, Raleigh sent out another expedition, consisting of seven ships, under the command of Sir Richard Grenville, with Ralph Lane as governor of the colony. They landed one hundred and seven persons, to form a plantation, under the government of Mr. Lane. These colonists were soon after carried back to England. Fifty other persons were left from a ship sent out with supplies, and nothing was ever heard of them.

3. In 1587, Raleigh sent out a third expedition, consisting of one hundred and seventeen colonists, who landed at Roanoke, and commenced a plantation there. trace was ever found of this unfortunate colony.

No

4. To the close of the fifteenth century, the whole country had been known as Virginia. In 1603, Queen Elizabeth died, in the forty-fifth year of her reign, and the seventieth year of her age. She was succeeded by James VI., of Scotland, who took the title of James I., of England. James had scarcely arrived in England when a

was his charter transferred? For what purpose was an expedition sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh? What account did they give of the country they had discovered? What name did Queen Elizabeth give to the country? Why?

2. When did Raleigh send out a second expedition? Of what did it consist? How many emigrants were landed? What became of them? 3. Of how many colonists did the third expedition consist? Where did they land? What became of this colony?

4. To what time was the whole country known as Virginia? In what year did Queen Elizabeth die? By whom was she succeeded? For what

conspiracy was discovered for subverting the government, and placing his cousin, Arabella Stewart, on the throne. Sir Walter Raleigh was accused of being engaged in this plot. He was cast into prison, and some time after he was barbarously beheaded, at the instigation of the king. 5. King James divided what was formerly known as Virginia, extending from the thirty-fourth to the fiftyfifth degrees of latitude, into two districts, nearly equal. One was called the south colony of Virginia, and the other the north colony. The king granted a charter to Sir Thomas Gates and others, authorizing them to settle any part of South Virginia they should choose. The charter vested in them a right of property to the lands extending along the coast fifty miles on each side of their place of settlement, and extending one hundred miles into the interior. The king also granted a charter to several knights, gentlemen, and merchants of Bristol, Plymouth, and other parts of the west of England, authorizing them to settle any part of North Virginia they should choose, granting to them the same rights as were granted to the proprietors of South Virginia.

6. The leading characteristic of James was his love of arbitrary power. The divine right of kings to govern their subjects without control, was his favorite topic in conversation and in his speeches to parliament. The supreme government of these two colonies which were to be settled was vested in a council, residing in England, named by the king, with laws and ordinances given under

purpose was a conspiracy formed against James I.? What became of Sir Walter Raleigh?

5. Into what two districts did King James divide the territory called Virginia? What were these divisions called? What was the whole extent of both? To whom did James grant a charter of South Virginia? What part of the territory did the charter authorize them to settle? What right of property did the charter vest in them? To what extent? To whom did James grant a charter of North Virginia? What were the conditions of the grant?

6. What was the leading characteristic of James I.? What was his favorite topic in conversation, and in his speeches to parliament? In whom was the supreme power of governing the colonies vested? By whom named? With what laws? To whom was the subordinate juris

his own signature. The subordinate jurisdiction was committed to a council residing in America, which was also nominated by the king, and to act in accordance with his instructions. We may now regard the colonies of North and South Virginia, or Virginia and New England, as they were afterwards called, as forming two separate histories.

7. The proprietors of the royal charter of South Virginia, in 1606, sent out three ships, under the command of Christopher Newport, containing one hundred colonists. The royal instructions were contained in a sealed box, with the names of the colonial council. They were ordered not to break the seal until twenty-four hours after they had effected a landing. They selected a location on James River, about forty miles from its mouth, to which they gave the name of Jamestown, in honor of their king. They organized their council, and appointed Edward Wingfield their president. The extreme heat of summer, and the intense cold of the succeeding winter, were alike fatal to the colonists. Before any other emigrants arrived, sixty-two of the one hundred who first landed had died. One hundred and twenty emigrants, with additional supplies, arrived the following year. The patentees to whom the charter was granted applied for and obtained a new charter, with more ample provisions. The council under the new charter appointed Lord Delaware governor for life. They fitted out nine ships, having on board five hundred emigrants. A part of this expedition arrived at Jamestown about the middle of August, 1609.

8. Soon after the arrival of these new emigrants, the diction committed? By whom named? How may these two colonies be hereafter regarded?

7. When did the proprietors of the charter of South Virginia first send out a colony? How many colonists were sent out? What location did they select? What effect did the climate have upon these emigrants? How many colonists arrived the following year? For what did the proprietors of the charter apply to James? Whom did the council appoint governor of the colony? How many emigrants did they then send out? When did they arrive?

colony was involved in disorder and insubordination. The Indians destroyed the colonists wherever they could find them. The provisions of the colony were imprudently wasted, and a severe famine ensued. Four hundred and forty of the colonists died in a period of six months, by war, famine, and pestilence, leaving but fifty survivors. The small remnant of the colony were in a famishing condition. They at last determined to abandon the country. On the 7th of June, 1610, they fired their parting salute, buried their ordnance, and embarked in four small vessels, and about noon floated down the river with the tide. This settlement may be considered at this time abandoned. At that time there was not a single English colony established within the present territory of the United States.

CHAPTER IV.

FIRST PERMANENT ENGLISH COLONY IN AMERICA.

1. A PERIOD of one hundred and thirteen years after the discovery of North America by the Cabots, and twenty-five years after Raleigh planted the first colony, had passed before the first permanent English colony was established on the present territory of the United States. On the evening of the 7th of June, 1610, Lord Delaware arrived at the mouth of the James River with three ships and one hundred and fifty colonists. They met the colonists who were returning to England, whom they per

8. In what was the colony soon after involved? What followed? How many of the colonists died in a period of six months? What was the condition of the remaining colonists? When did they abandon their settlement? Was there any English colony at that time within the present territory of the United States?

1. How long after the discovery of the continent by the Cabots was the first permanent English colony established in the present territory of the

suaded to return with them to Jamestown. They soon after landed, and established the first permanent settlement, on Friday, the 8th day of June, 1610. This may be regarded as the birthday of the colonies.

2. In May, 1611, three hundred more emigrants ar rived; in August, two hundred and eighty men, and twenty women, also arrived. Hitherto, no right of property in land had been established. The fields that were cleared had been cultivated by the joint labor of the colonists. The produce was carried to the common storehouse, and distributed weekly to each family. The lands were divided into lots, and one of these lots granted to each colonist, as his own private property. From this time, the colony advanced rapidly.

3. After the death of Lord Delaware, Mr. Yeardly was appointed captain-general of the colony. He arrived in April, 1619, and proceeded immediately to convoke a colonial assembly. The assembly met at Jamestown, on the 19th of June. This was the first legislature that ever assembled in America. In 1620, a Dutch man-of-war entered the colony, and landed twenty negro slaves, which were purchased by the planters. This was the beginning of negro slavery in the colonies.

4. The full tide of prosperity seemed now to be enjoyed by the colonists. But this was to be of short continuance. The Indians had matured a scheme for the extermination of the colony at a single blow. In one hour, four hundred and forty-seven of the colonists were slain, almost without knowing by whose hands they fell. The colonists, roused to vengeance, attacked their enemies, and drove them far

United States? How long after Raleigh planted the first colony? What may be regarded as the birthday of the colonies?

2. When did other colonists arrive? How were their fields cleared and cultivated? How were the lands afterwards divided? What was the effect?

3. Who was appointed captain-general after the death of Lord Delaware? What action did he take? When and where did the first assembly meet? When was slavery introduced into this colony?

4. What was now the condition of the colony? What plot had been formed among the Indians? How many colonists were slain in a single