of, and three-fifths of all the members elected to the Senate being present on the final passage thereof, as follows: (here follow the names of all the senators voting on the bill.)

"Ordered, That the clerk deliver said bill to the Assembly, and request their concurrence therein.

"The Senate then resolved itself into a committee of the whole upon the bill entitled, 'An act to repeal certain parts of the Revised Statutes exempting property of ministers of the gospel from taxation,' and after some time. spent thereon, Mr. Cook, from the said committee, reported in favor of the passage of the same with amendments, which report was agreed to, and said bill ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.

"On motion of Mr. Carroll the Senate then adjourned until 10 o'clock to-morrow morning. '

CHAPTER XXXV.

REVISED STATUTES.

1. EACH State in the Union has consolidated and arranged in appropriate chapters, titles, and sections the several statutes of the State. These statutes, thus arranged, are known as the Revised Statutes of the State. Changes may be made in these statutes by subsequent laws, and after many years the statutes may need a further revision. The Revised Statutes of some of the States are extended to more than two thousand pages, and of all the States to more than fifty thousand pages. It has already been seen that there is a great similarity

record is made of the third reading of bills? What order is made? What record is made of the discussion of bills in committee of the whole?

1. How has each State arranged its statutes? What are these statutes thus arranged called? Can any of the statutes be changed by subsequent statutes? How extensive are these statutes? Is there great similarity in the constitutions of the several States? Is there any sim

in the constitutions of the several States. It may here be remarked that there is as great similarity in the laws founded upon the constitutions, as in the constitutions themselves. There is also in many instances a striking resemblance between these statutes and the existing statutes in England. I shall, in the following pages, give as full description of these statutes as the limits of this work will admit.

2. A minute description of every point, line, direction, and distance in the boundary of the State is minutely described in the Revised Statutes. Such description sometimes extends through several pages. It is then declared that the sovereignty and jurisdiction of the State extends to all places within the boundaries thereof; but the extent of such jurisdiction, over places which have been ceded to the United States for forts, arsenals, dock-yards, lighthouses, hospitals, etc., shall be qualified by the terms of such cession. It is made the duty of the governor and of all the subordinate officers of the State, to maintain and defend its sovereignty and jurisdiction.

3. In Massachusetts, about forty places have been ceded to the United States for similar purposes to those above mentioned. In New York, about fifty places have been ceded for like purposes. The cession of these places to the United States does not generally prevent the execution, within their boundaries, of any process, civil or criminal, under the authority of the State, except so far as such process may affect the real or personal property of the United States therein. The boundaries of all these places are minutely described.

ilarity between the statutes of the several States? What other body of laws do they resemble, in many instances? What will be given in the following pages?

2. What is first described in the statutes of most of the States? What is then declared? How is the sovereignty and jurisdiction of the State over places ceded to the United States qualified? What is made the duty of the governor and all subordinate officers of the State?

3. How many places are ceded to the United States in the State of Massachusetts? How many in New York? What does the cession of these places not prevent?

4. The division of the State into counties, and a minute description of the boundaries of each county, is given. The division of the counties into towns, with the boundaries of each town, is given. The boundaries of each city in the State, and the boundaries of each ward in each city, are given. The State is also divided into senatorial, congressional, and judiciary districts, the boundaries of which are minutely described. In the State of New York the description of these divisions and boundaries occupies more than two hundred pages of the Revised Statutes.

5. The statutes, in most of the States, then describe the several officers in the State, with their qualifications and tenure of office. These officers are divided into three classes: 1. Legislative; 2. Judicial; 3. Executive. In the State of New York a fourth class is added, called administrative officers. No person is competent to hold a civil office under twenty-one years of age, nor unless he be a citizen of the State at the time of his election or appointment.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

MODE OF ELECTING STATE OFFICERS.

1. THE statutes next describe the mode of electing public officers. The mode adopted in a majority of the States is as follows. The secretary of state causes to be delivered to the sheriff, clerk, or county judge in each county, a notice in writing specifying the officers to be chosen at the next regular election. He also causes the same to be pub

4. What boundaries are next described? What space does this description occupy in the Revised Statutes of New York.

5. What is next described? Into what three classes are these officers divided? What fourth class is added in the State of New York? How old must a person be to hold office? Where must he reside?

1. What do the statutes next describe? What mode is here given?

lished in the State paper once in each week from the date thereof to the time of election. The sheriff, or other officer who receives the notice from the secretary of state, forthwith delivers a copy of such notice to the supervisor or one of the assessors in each town or ward in his county. He also causes a copy of the notice to be published in all the public newspapers in the county. The supervisors, assessors, and town-clerk in the several towns, and the common council in cities, designate the places for holding the election.

2. The inspectors of each election district meet at the time and place when and where the election is to be held, and organize themselves as a board. They appoint one of their number chairman, who administers the oath of office to the others, and one of the others administers the oath to the chairman. They then appoint a clerk, to whom the chairman administers the oath. When the poll is opened, proclamation thereof is made. The polls are usually sunset.

opened at sunrise and close at

3. The electors vote by ballot. The ballots are so folded as to conceal their contents. Each elector delivers his ballot to one of the inspectors in presence of the board. If any person offering to vote is challenged by one of the inspectors, or by any elector who has voted at that poll, one of the inspectors tenders to him the following preliminary oath:

"You do swear that you will fully and truly answer all such questions as shall be put to you touching your place of residence and qualifications as an elector."

One of the inspectors then questions the person offering to vote. If the challenge is not withdrawn, and the elector

Who gives notice of the election? How? How does the sheriff give notice in his county? Who determine the place of holding elections? 2. Where do the inspectors meet? What do they appoint? How is the oath of office administered? For what time are the polls usually kept open?

3. How do the electors vote? How are the ballots folded? To whom does each elector deliver his ballot? By whom may any person offering to vote be challenged? What oath is then tendered to him? After this preliminary oath, what is done? If the challenge is not withdrawn, what

insists on his right to vote, one of the inspectors administers to him the following oath:

"You do swear that you have been a citizen of the United States for ten days, and are now of the age of twenty-one years; that you have been an inhabitant of this State for one year next preceding this election, and for the last four months a resident of this county; that you have been for thirty days next preceding this election a resident, and that you are now a resident, of this election district in which you offer to vote; and that you have not made any bet or wager, and are not directly or indirectly interested in any bet or wager depending upon the result of this election." If any person offering to vote refuses to take the above oath, his vote is rejected.

4. Separate boxes are prepared and properly labelled. They are locked before opening the polls, and the key delivered to one of the inspectors. An opening is made sufficiently large to admit a single ballot, through which the ballots are inserted. A list of the persons voting is kept by the clerk, and a list of the ballots cast by each voter. As soon as the polls are closed, the inspectors proceed to canvass the votes. The poll-list is examined and corrected. One of the boxes is opened nd the ballots therein counted, unexamined, except so far as to ascertain that each ballot is single. If two or more ballots are so folded together as to present the appearance of a single ballot, they are destroyed, if the whole number of ballots exceed the whole number of voters. If the whole number of ballots exceed the whole number of voters on the poll-list, the ballots are replaced in the box, and one of the inspectors draws out and destroys as many ballots unopened as are equal to such excess.

5. The inspectors then proceed to open and count the ballots. They make out a statement of the result, and at

other oath is administered? If the person offering to vote refuses to take the prescribed oath?

4. In what are the ballots deposited? How are the ballot-boxes made and secured? What list is kept by the clerks? As soon as the polls are closed, what do the inspectors proceed to do? What is first examined? Are the ballots examined before they are counted? If two ballots are folded together? If the whole number of ballots exceed the whole number of voters ?

5. What is the next action of the inspectors? What do they make