servance of justice between States, if they do not furnish the perfect sanction annexed by the lawgiver to the observance of the municipal code of any particular State. The knowledge of this science has, consequently, been justly regarded as of the highest importance to all who take an interest in political affairs. The Author cherishes the hope that the following attempt to illustrate it will be received with indulgence, if not with favour, by those who know the difficulties of the undertaking.

BERLIN,

Jan. 1, 1836.

་

6. How far the law of nations is a positive law derived from the

positive consent of nations

7. Law of nations derived from reason and usage

8. The law of nations is not merely the law of nature applied to

sovereign states

9. There is no universal law of nations

2. Natural law identical with the law of God or divine law

3. Natural law applied to the intercourse of states

4. Law of nations distinguished from natural law

5. Law of nature and law of nations asserted to be identical by

Hobbes and Puffendorf

35

36

ib.

ib.

38

ib.

40

42

44

10. International law between Christian and Mohammedan nations- 45

11. Definition of international law

46

12. In what sense the rules of conduct between states are called

laws

ib.

10. Confederated states, each retaining its own sovereignty

11. Supreme federal government or composite state

12. Germanic confederation

13. United States of America

14. Swiss confederation

15. Sovereignty when acquired

16. Identity of a state

71

73

74

17. Identity of a state, how affected by external violence

18. By the joint effect of internal and external violence confirmed

19. Province or colony asserting its independence, how considered
by other foreign states

20. International effects of a change in the person of the sovereign
or in the internal constitution of the state

8. War between Spain and her American colonies

9. British interference in the affairs of Portugal in 1826

10. Interference of the Christian powers of Europe in favour of the

Greeks

CHAPTER II.

vii

PAGE

81

ib.

ib.

82

85

86

87

. 91

RIGHTS OF INDEPENDENCE.

§1. Independence of the state in respect to its internal government 95

2. Mediation of other foreign states for the settlement of its inter-

3. Independence of every state in respect to the choice of its rulers 96

4. Exceptions growing out of compact or other just right of inter-
vention

5. Exclusive power of civil and criminal legislation

6. Droit d'Aubaine

7. Personal status .

8. Lex loci contractus

9. Lex fori

10. Foreign sovereign, his ambassador, army, or fleet, within the

territory of another state

97

. 98

99

. 100

. 103

. 105

105

§ 11. Jurisdiction of the state over its public and private vessels on

the high seas

12. Consular jurisdiction .

13. Independence of the state as to its judicial power

14. Extent of the judicial power over criminal offences

15. Extra-territorial operation of a criminal sentence

16. Piracy under the law of nations

PAGE

107

112

ib..

114

17. Slave trade, whether prohibited by the law of nations

18. Extent of the judicial power as to property within the territory 118

19, Distinction between the rule of decision and the rule of proce-

dure as affecting cases in rem

20. Conclusiveness of foreign sentences in rem

21. Extent of the judicial power over foreigners residing within the

territory

119

120

121

124

127

22. Distinction between the rule of decision and rule of proceeding

in cases of contract

23. Conclusiveness of foreign sentences in personal actions

CHAPTER III.

RIGHTS OF EQUALITY.

§ 1. Natural equality of states modified by compact and usage

2. Royal honours

3. Precedence among princes and states enjoying royal honours

4. Usage of the alternat

5. Language used in diplomatic intercourse

6. Titles of sovereign princes and states.

7. Maritime ceremonials .