The Sumner Guards and the Madeira Guards were colored companies, Capt. George Richardson being the commanding officer of the Madeiras. Their military life was short and uneventful.

The Buckeye Bloods, the High Street Rockers, and the Texas Rangers were all in organization at the same time in 1856-57. They were companies of boys living in the different parts of town. As their name indicates, the High Street Rockers flourished in the West End.

A. L. BROWN POST, No. 162, GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC

George Perkins, who is serving his second term as commander of the Chillicothe G. A. R. Post, wrote an interesting sketch of the organization in which centers so much affection and pride, on the occasion of its thirtieth birthday, in 1911. From his paper is taken the following extract: "The A. L. Brown Post is thirty years old today. What a record is embraced in this period! Four hundred and eight comrades have been on its rolls; 44 now remain in good standing. We have had sixteen post commanders serving more than one term. Of this number but six are living and five of them are present this evening; the sixth is basking in the sunshine and the flowers of California. Nine are sleeping in Grandview, one in St. Margaret's and one at the National Cemetery, Dayton Soldiers' Home. In the ranks of our post have been many notable men. We have furnished one department commander, one assistant adjutant general, one quartermaster general, one chief mustering officer of the department, and numerous aides-decamp on both the department and national commanders' staffs. We have had orators of national fame-a judge of the Supreme Court, a speaker of the House of Representatives, a medal-ofhonor man, a poet, a novelist and a historian. One of our numbers was in the squad that captured Jeff Davis. Many suffered the torments of Andersonville and other prison pens. The post has been active in teaching patriotism, love of country and respect. for the flag, both by precept and example. Each Memorial Day since the establishment of that sacred anniversary has been fittingly observed, and will be, as long as there is a comrade of this post to totter to the cemetery.

"But what did the rank and file do? Everything. Marching thousands of miles through summer's heat and wintry storms, fighting the enemy in hundreds of battles, carrying Old Glory on to victory! All hail to the private soldier who did not falter in the hour of his country's direct need, but by his valor established a nation respected and feared by the whole world. Com

rades, we did not realize what we were doing. We started the movement that will civilize the world and bring the happy day when war shall be no more, when 'the lion and the lamb shall lie down together and a little child shall lead them.' Hail to a world of peace! The Union soldier did not suffer or die in vain. He may be poor today, his few remaining days may be embittered by a struggle for existence, but future generations will call him blessed and strew his grave with flowers.

"Statistics are dry and figures appalling, but I cannot refrain from telling some of the things that A. L. Brown Post has accomplished. One of the first and perhaps the largest incident of charity was its fight with the Pension Department in the case of Joseph England. The pension commissioner refused absolutely to reopen the case, but by the persistent efforts of Comrades. Lawrence and J. B. Smith the claim was finally allowed.

"The Post was organized November 18, 1881, with Captain Frederick H. Rehwinkel as post commander. The charter members were mustered in by Colonel H. A. Brown, of Toledo, at this meeting. The first applicant for admission was Leonard Berg, on November 23rd, and the second Brandon Lewis. The most notable events of this administration, during 1881-82, was the uniforming and equipping of the post; the disbanding of the Memorial Association, with the turning over of its records, flag and moneys to the post; the large turn-out of comrades on the first Memorial Day, escorted by the Sill Guards and accompanied by large delegations from Maxwell Post of Kingston, about four hundred men in line; and the reception of National Commander Vandervort and Department Commander Clark.

At every

"The second commander was Richard Enderlin. meeting several comrades were mustered in, and the post continued to grow. General Durbin Ward delivered the memorial address this year. The post also attended the first funeral, that of Colonel James A. Farden, who died in New Orleans and was brought to Chillicothe for burial. This was in October, 1883. On Christmas of this year the great Camp Fire and Fair was held in Memorial Hall.

"Commander Enderlin was succeeded by John B. Smith, who served during 1884. The post was very charitable at this time, large amounts being voted at every meeting and sub-relief committees being appointed in the different townships. The Soldiers' Monument having been completed, was dedicated with impressive ceremonies on May 30, 1884. A concert of army songs was given by Mrs. Lina R. Lewis, assisted by all the musical talent in the city during the fall of 1884.

"Warren Chapman was elected commander in 1885. In July

of this year memorial exercises were held by the post and citizens at the fair grounds, on the death of General U. S. Grant.

"In August the reunion of ex-prisoners of war and the Twentysixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry was held, lasting the 5th and 6th of that month.

"George Perkins was commander in 1886. The principal event in this administration was the donation to the post by the township trustees of a burial place in Greenlawn Cemetery, known as the Soldiers' Circle. The Drum Corps was organized, uniformed and equipped on September 7th, 8th and 9th. The post attended in a body the reunion of the Army of West Virginia at Portsmouth.

"Mathias Bonner was the commander for 1887. In January, resolutions on the death of General John A. Logan were passed. Chaplain Sheppard gave his lecture on Andersonville prison. In this year occurred the first deaths in our ranks Joseph Merkle, April 1st, and W. S. Rogers, April 6th. It was remarkable that in a membership of four hundred no death occurred for six years, but after this our ranks were rapidly thinned by death. On Memorial Day of this year Soldiers' Circle was dedicated according to the ritual, all soldiers' bodies in Paupers' Row having been removed to the Circle.

"William V. Lawrence was the commander for 1888. The Drum Corps was reorganized. In August the post passed resolutions on the death of General P. H. Sheridan. In September it attended the national encampment at Columbus, Past Post Commander Perkins being, by detail, placed in command of the post. A fine flag was purchased at this time.

"John T. Roper was elected commander for 1889. Past Post Commander F. H. Rehwinkel, first commander of the post, died in June of this year.

"John H. Nugent was commander for 1890, and his administration witnessed the formation of the Woman's Relief Corps.

"John C. Entrekin was the commander for 1891. Early in the year occurred the death of General W. T. Sherman and suit. able resolutions were passed by the post. The post vacated its quarters in Odd Fellow Hall in July and moved to the Schilder Building on South Paint Street.

"Valentine Rice was commander in 1892. It was during his term that the wholesale slaughter of the post occurred, ninety-one members being dropped at a meeting held April 6th. Ransom Post of St. Louis was handsomely entertained by the Post and W. R. C. while en route to the National Encampment.

"Rufus Putnam was elected commander for 1893. Past Com

mander M. Bonner died November 6th and was buried by the post ritual.

"Commander Putnam was reelected in 1894. During this year the Rink property was purchased, and the post moved to the new hall. Putnam was elected for a third term in 1895. In this year fifty-five comrades were dropped, and both by death and suspension the post was much diminished.

"John E. Mick was commander in 1896 and Rufus Putnam was again elected for 1897. During the latter year the department encampment was held at Chillicothe and the celebrated Prante organ was purchased.

"Charles M. Sears was the commander for 1898. In April of this year the whole post volunteered to serve in the SpanishAmerican war, but their services were declined with thanks by Governor Bushnell. The post escorted the Seventeenth Regiment to the depot when it left for the front.

"John E. Mick was elected commander for 1899 and again for 1900. On May 12th of the latter year the post was called upon to mourn the death of Adjutant George L. Wolfe, who had held that office for fifteen years. During this year the Drum Corps disbanded and the organ was sold. Post Commander Sears died October 22, 1900.

"Since that time the commanders have been as follows: F. J. Esker, 1901-03 (died October 14, 1911); James A. Gatwood, 1904-05; F. J. Esker, 1906-07; George Perkins, 1908-09; James A. Gatwood, 1910-11; Nelson Purdum, 1912-14; George Perkins, 1915-."

CHAPTER IX

PIONEER HISTORY OF CHILLICOTHE

THE FOUNDERS OF CHILLICOTHE MASSIE LAYS OUT CHILLICOTHE THE FORTUNATE HUNDRED GEN. NATHANIEL MASSIE FIRST SETTLEMENT IN VIRGINIA MILITARY DISTRIct—Surveys ALONG THE SCIOTO-REV. J. B. FINLEY-DR. AND GOVERNOR EDWARD TIFFIN-GOVERNOR WORTHINGTON AND ADENADUNCAN MCARTHUR AND FRUIT FARM-COL. JOHN MCDONALD -FELIX RENICK AND EARLY STOCK RAISING-BARRING OUT SLAVERY FROM OHIO-TIFFIN AND BALDWIN ON SLAVERYGENERAL MASSIE'S LETTER-OHIO THE FIRST FREE SOIL STATE -NOTED CENTERS OF GOVERNMENT-ABRAMS' BIG HOUSESAVAGE SURGICAL TREATMENT-WHITES GATHER AT ABRAMSRELIGIOUS AND MILITARY CENTER-NEW HOPE CHURCH ORGANIZED PIONEER HISTORICAL EVENTS - WALNUT STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH ST. MARY'S CATHOLIC CHURCH-COMPETITOR FOR THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY-PIONEER SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS-CHILLICOTHE IN 1807-TECUMSEH AND THE CHILLICOTHE COUNCIL-POLITICS AND EARTHQUAKE SHOCK-DR. SAMUEL MCADOW-DR. JOSEPH SCOTT OTHER EARLY PHYSICIANS THE FAMOUS MADEIRA HOTEL THE EARLIER CHILLICOTHE INNS-FIRST BRIDGE OVER THE SCIOTO-INDUSTRIAL UPRISING THE HYDRAULIC ASSOCIATION FIRST TOWN CORPORATION THE SECOND TOWN CORPORATION.

Chillicothe was incorporated as a city in 1838. In August, 1796, Gen. Nathaniel Massie laid out the original town on the western banks of the Scioto River, about three miles above the mouth of Paint Creek, and the period between these years has been designated as the pioneer era of Chillicothe. It is doubtful whether any town in Ohio brought together so many strong and unusual characters as did Chillicothe, especially during the first score years of its life.

THE FOUNDERS OF CHILLICOTHE

General Massie, the founder of Chillicothe, was the greatest "promoter" of his times. Although a Virginian by birth, his