that his own interests can be best served at times by ignoring political duties.
If we may draw any general conclusion as to the nature of the democracy of the future from the foregoing discussion it is this, that we must cease to look upon democracy as something negative or as a body of rights to be safeguarded rather than utilized. The modern functional and evolutionary point of view has taught us that the state is essentially a dynamic rather than a static entity. It becomes a reality and achieves for itself a place on the page of history by virtue of what it does rather than by virtue of what it is. Just as the reality of individual moral character is the result of the individual's own achievement, so the moral integrity of the state must be achieved, not inherited. It follows, therefore, that a selfconscious democracy, that is, a democracy that clearly grasps its ends, that conscientiously sets about the task of realizing these ends, that reserves for itself the right to change its mind or modify its laws where the better attainment of these ends makes this necessary, that insists, finally, upon being solely responsible for any jeopardizing of national integrity which this change of mind may seem to entail-this is the only form of democracy that can successfully solve the problems of the present and brave the dangers of the future with confidence. With the passing of law-made democracy, will disappear a law-made political conscience. "When I was a child I spake as a child, I thought as a child, but when I became a man I put away childish things."
I. Books: ABBOTT, E. V.: Justice and the Modern Law, 1913; ALGER, G. W.: The Old Law and the New Order, 1913; CHARMONT, J.: Le Droit et L'Esprit Democratique, 1908; CROLY, H. C.: Progressive Democracy, 1914; FOLLETT, M. P.: The New State, pp. 156 ff.; GOODNOW, F. G.: Social Reform and the Constitution, 1911; GREEN: Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation, Works, Vol. 2, 335 f.; HADLEY: Relations Between Freedom and Responsibility in the Evolution of Democratic Government, 1913; HILL, D. J.: Americanism: What Is It? 1916; LASKI, H. J.: Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty, Ch. I, Appendices A, B; Authority in
the Modern State, 1919; RANSOM, W. L.: Majority Rule and the Judiciary, 1912; ROE, G. E.: Our Judicial Oligarchy, 1912.
2. Articles: HOCKING: "Sovereignty and Moral Obligation." International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 28, pp. 314 ff.; Pound, Roscoe: Articles on Sociological Jurisprudence in the Harvard Law Review.
Alger, G. W., 439.
Allen, W. H., 21.
Americanism, meaning of, 82 f.
Anderson, K. C., 247, 275.
Aristotle, 124-125, 126, 219, 274, 356,
358, 359.
Arndt, W. T., 421.
Astronomy, significance of geo-
centric for social conscience of
the Middle Ages, 131 f.
Augustine, 127, 181, 215, 261, 396.
Aurelius, Marcus, 396.
Authoritarianism, and morals, 266 f.
Baer, George F., 313-314
Bagehot, Walter, 160.
Bagley, W. C., 301.
Baldwin, J. M., 113, 200, 225.
Ball, John, 49.
Batten, S. Z., 275.
Baxter, Richard, 32, 33-34, 38, 42,
46, 47, 253-254, 258, 305.
Beard, Charles, 80, 307, 322, 407-
408, 412, 421.
Benn, A. W., 297 n.
Bergson, 188.
Betts, G. H., 301.
Bogart, E. L., 80.
Bonar, James, 59.
Bosanquet, B., 225.
Boutell, George S., 282.
Brisco, N. A., 417.
Brooks, J. G., 98, 370.
Brooks, V. W., 28, 42, 98.
Brown, E. E., 301.
Brown, S. R., 301.
Bruère, H., 421.
Bryce, James, 19, 146, 147, 153, 160,
168, 169, 170, 178.
Buckley, James M., 142-143.
Bunyan, John, 45.
Burns, Robert, 40.
Bury, J. B., 297 n.
Business, ethical
trasted with
worker, 88 ff.; materialistic ef-
fects of, 93 f.; contribution to
morals, 371 f.; profits the incen-
tive, 381 ff.; competition the regu-
lative principle, 391 ff.
Butler, Samuel, 39.
Calhoun, A. W., 59, 228 n., 236, 244,
Calling, emphasis of, in Calvinism,
32.
Calvin, John, 40, 50, 56, 135, 181,
183, 232, 253.
Calvinism, see Ch. II; dominating
position among early sects, 25 f.;
influence on the state, 26 f.; so-
cial regulations of, 29; traces of
present day influence, 31; forces
making for decay of, 38 f.; in-
fluence on Colonial home and
sex, 231 f.
Campbell, D., 42.
Capitalism, and Calvinism, 33 f.
Carlyle, Thomas, 143.
Casuistry, the product of the insti-
tution, 223 f.
Cellini, Benevenuto, 134.
Change, and moral progress, 188 f.
Channing, W. E., 40.
Character, organization of, Ch. VI;
complex nature, 101 f.; constitu-
ent elements of, 104 f.
Chapin, F. S., 301.
Charmont, J., 439.
Child, changed status in pioneer
home, 235 f.; and beginnings of
factory system, 237 f.
Church, see Ch. XV; and society,
246 f.; and rise of a secular ethic,
249 f.; and competitive pecuniary
individualism, 252 f.; on work,
255 f.; wages, 257; wealth, 258;
anti-intellectualism, 260 f.; need
for dogma, 263 f; becoming de-
partmental in modern life, 270 f;
essentially conservative rôle,
271 f.; ministry of comfort, 273;
moral leadership, 274.
City, American, its accidental na-
ture, 398 f.; as affected by pioneer
individualism, 399 f.; by politics,
401 f.; exploited by political
profiteer, 405 f.; and the com-
mercialized press, 414 f.; and so-
cialism, 415 f.; need of the civic,
spirit, 416 f.
Clark, L. D., 367 n.
Clergy, suffers from false social
estimate, 268 f.
Colcord, Joanna C., 244.
College, the Colonial, 278 f.
Collectivism, conflict with Individ-
ualism, 85 f.; alleged incompati-
bility with democracy, 173 f.
Competition, and Calvinism, 34 f.;
and Christianity, 252 f.; regula-
tive principle of business, 391 f.;
moral justification, 393 f.
Conscience, the social, see Chs. VII
and VIII; the social and democ-
racy, 5; the New England, 30;
anticipated among lower animals,
114 f.; relation to custom, 115 f.;
definition of, 119 f.; traits of,
120 f.; relation to the virtues,
124 f.; rôle of ideas in, 129 f.;
need of rational direction, 132 f.;
tendencies in American life,
133 f.; types of, 140 f.; the most
socially valuable, 143 f.; limita-
tions of, Ch. X, 144 f.; distin-
guished from public opinion, Ch.
IX, 149 ff.; rôle in organic social
judgment, 156 f.; never impar-
tial, 162 f.; narrow in scope,
164 f.; relation to referendum
and recall, 165 f.; limited by in-
stincts, 177 f.; traits of institu-
tionalized, 221 f.; and the school,
286 f.
Consciousness, of the group, rôle
of, 114 f.
Constitution, and economic forces,
308 f.; instrument for national
and moral discipline, 423 ff.
Cooley, C. H., 113, 145, 146-147, 158,
160, 214, 225, 396.
Corporation, rise in American life,
69 f., 73 f.; its traits, 74 f.
Cotton, John, 41.
Croly, H. C., 21, 58-59, 182, 427,
438, 439.
Cubberley, E. P., 283, 301.
Cunningham, W., 275.
Custom, definition, 116; differen-
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Democracy, meanings of, 2-5;
De Tocqueville on the tyranny of,
12-13; Faguet on the incompe-
tence of, 14, 15; and mere good-
ness, 16-18; the problem of, 18-
19, see Ch. I; the paradox of,
19-21; Puritan conception of,
49 f.; Latin and Anglo-Saxon
conceptions of, 51; and the
tyranny of the majority, 166 f.;
endangered by like-mindedness,
168 f.; and the expert, 171 f.; in-
compatible with collectivism,
173 f.; and the pioneer home,
234 f.; and the modern home,
242 f.; and the school, 279 f.; rise
of law-made, 426 f.; socialized,
435 f.
Descartes, 298.
Determinism, economic,
of, 343 f.
Dewey, John, 201, 225, 276, 293, 301.
Dexter, E. G., 301.
Dicey, A. V., 59, 65, 80, 87, 129,
137, 148, 160, 173, 178, 186-187.
Divorce, index of problem of home,
238 f.; causes of, 239 f.; signifi-
cance of, 243 f.
Dogma, the guardian of faith,
262 f.
Doumergue, E., 42.
Dowden, E., 42, 44-45.
Duncan, J. C., 352.
Education, its nature and purpose,
276 f.
Edwards, Jonathan, 38, 39, 231.
Egalitarianism, and Puritan con-
ception of democracy, 50 f.; and
vulgar democracy, 51 f.
Eliot, Charles W., 86, 98, 301.
Ellwood, C. A., 98, 239 n., 275.
Ely, R. T., 304, 320, 322.
Emerson, Ralph W., 122, 286.
Emotion, nature of and relation to
instincts and sentiments, 105 f.;
relation to the social conscience,
Equality, and democracy, 4-5.
Equilibrium, social, Spencer's the-
ory of, 197 f.; relation to the
moral ideal, 199 ff.
Erskine, John, 16.
Ethic, rise of secular, 249 f.; Teu-
tonic and Christian, 250f.
Eucken, R., 275.
Expert, rôle in a democracy, 171 f.;
kinds of, 176 f.
Fact, opposed to ideal in American
life, 94 f.; why emphasized, 96 f.
Factory system, rise in England,
63 f.
Faguet, Emile, 14-15, 19, 21, 51, 166,
172, 178
Fanaticism, as an element in the
social conscience, 142 f.
Fatalism, of the multitude, 168 f.
Fichte, 118.
Figgis, J. N., 247, 275.
Fiske, A. K., 395.
Fite, W., 225.
Follett, M. P., 21, 439.
Folsom, J. K., 215 n.
Ford, P. L., 42, 59.
Forel, A., 238.
Forsyth, Principal, 264.
Fowler, T., 185 n.
Franklin, Benjamin, 256.
Freedom, intellectual and the
church, 260 f.; academic, 297 f.
Frontier, influence on American
life, 60.
Galileo, 131.
Galton, F., 115.
Garrod, H. W., 247, 275.
George, Henry, 307, 322.
Ghent, W. J., 80, 160, 313, 395.
Giddings, F. H., 21, 301.
Godkin, E. L., 21, 147-148, 150, 160.
Goodness, fallacy of, 15-19.
Goodnow, F. J., 421, 439.
Goodsell, W., 228 n., 232 n., 239 n.,
244.
Green, T. H., 183-184, 200, 322, 439.
Hanscom, E. D., 42.
Hart, A. B., 42.
Havemeyer, G., 70.
Hawley, F. B., 386.
Haworth, P. L., 98.
Hegel, 120.
Henderson, Arthur, 370.
Henderson, C. R., 370.
Henderson, E. N., 301.
Henson, H. H., 247, 260, 275.
Heraclitus, 188.
Hill, David J., 429-430, 431, 439.
Hoben, Allan, 275.
Hobhouse, L. T., 21, 113, 145, 182,
185 n., 201, 322.
Hobson, J. A., 81, 324, 348-349, 370,
396, 401.
Hocking, W. E., 440.
Holmes, E., 183 n., 222.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 39.
Holmes, Justice O. W., 319, 321,
322, 367.
Home, see Ch. XIV; rôle in so-
cializing individual, 206; in-
stincts at basis of, 226 f.; the
Colonial, 228 f.; influenced by
Calvinism, 231 f.;
in pioneer
democracy, 233 f.; problem of,
Howard, G. E., 243.
Howe, F. C., 412, 413, 420, 421.
Howerth, Ira W., 396.
Hoxie, R. F., 336, 339-340, 341, 368,
370, 415.
Huxley, T. H., 307, 322.
Ideal, opposed to fact in American
life, 94 f.; the moral, 196 f.
Ideas, their relation to the social
conscience, 129 f.
Individual, see Ch. XIII; debt to
the institution, 214 f.
Individualism, see Ch. III; reli-
gious influences making for, 44 f. ;
political antecedents of, 48 f.; in-
fluenced by American form of
government, 52 f.; due to pioneer
life, 53 f.; traits of, 54 f.; need
of a new, 57 f.; conflict with col-
lectivism, 85 f., 137; in the
pioneer home, 234 f.; pecuniary
competitive
and Christianity,
252 f.
Industry, and individualism, 57 f.;
domestic in eighteenth century,
62 f.; captains of and forces
tending to discredit, 374 f.
Instinct, definition, 104; relation to
the emotions, 105; as influenced
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